Five-year cumulative antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory tract isolates in a tertiary care center (2021–2025)
Abstract
Aims: The success of empirical treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae),and Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) depends on current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. This study aimed to determine the five-year cumulative AMR profiles and trends in a tertiary care center.
Methods: Strains isolated from lower respiratory tract samples between 2021 and 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Identification was performed via MALDI-TOF MS; susceptibilities were determined by the Phoenix M50 system and disk diffusion according to EUCAST criteria. Cumulative data were analyzed following KLİMUD guidelines, including only the first isolate from each patient.
Results: A total of 1870 isolates (1075 H. influenzae, 501 S. pneumoniae, 294 M. catarrhalis) were evaluated. High resistance rates were found in S. pneumoniae for erythromycin (47.9%), penicillin (45.2%), and tetracycline (45.2%), while no resistance to vancomycin or meropenem was detected. In H. influenzae, resistance rates were 37.0% for ampicillin, 37.9% for trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and 12.4% for amoxicillin-clavulanate. M. catarrhalis exhibited low resistance rate to amoxicillin-clavulanate (2.5%) and macrolides (0.7%).
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that resistance to conventional oral antibiotics has reached critical levels in S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, while Moraxella catarrhalis has maintained a relatively susceptible profile. Tailoring empirical treatment protocols based on local cumulative antibiogram data is essential.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
This research has received approval from the non-interventional ethics committees of Istanbul Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital with decision number KAEK/17.12.2025.462.
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
March 10, 2026
Submission Date
December 24, 2025
Acceptance Date
January 24, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 2
APA
Gülmez, A., & Durmuş, M. A. (2026). Five-year cumulative antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory tract isolates in a tertiary care center (2021–2025). Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 8(2), 194-198. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1847704
AMA
1.Gülmez A, Durmuş MA. Five-year cumulative antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory tract isolates in a tertiary care center (2021–2025). Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8(2):194-198. doi:10.38053/acmj.1847704
Chicago
Gülmez, Abdurrahman, and Mehmet Akif Durmuş. 2026. “Five-Year Cumulative Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Respiratory Tract Isolates in a Tertiary Care Center (2021–2025)”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 (2): 194-98. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1847704.
EndNote
Gülmez A, Durmuş MA (March 1, 2026) Five-year cumulative antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory tract isolates in a tertiary care center (2021–2025). Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 2 194–198.
IEEE
[1]A. Gülmez and M. A. Durmuş, “Five-year cumulative antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory tract isolates in a tertiary care center (2021–2025)”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 194–198, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.38053/acmj.1847704.
ISNAD
Gülmez, Abdurrahman - Durmuş, Mehmet Akif. “Five-Year Cumulative Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Respiratory Tract Isolates in a Tertiary Care Center (2021–2025)”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8/2 (March 1, 2026): 194-198. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1847704.
JAMA
1.Gülmez A, Durmuş MA. Five-year cumulative antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory tract isolates in a tertiary care center (2021–2025). Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8:194–198.
MLA
Gülmez, Abdurrahman, and Mehmet Akif Durmuş. “Five-Year Cumulative Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Respiratory Tract Isolates in a Tertiary Care Center (2021–2025)”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 194-8, doi:10.38053/acmj.1847704.
Vancouver
1.Abdurrahman Gülmez, Mehmet Akif Durmuş. Five-year cumulative antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory tract isolates in a tertiary care center (2021–2025). Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026 Mar. 1;8(2):194-8. doi:10.38053/acmj.1847704
