Intraoperative microbiological observations following different surgical hand antisepsis techniques: a prospective descriptive study

Cengiz Kazdal; Muhammet Emin Küçükaydın; Suat Şahin

doi:10.38053/acmj.1873088

Intraoperative microbiological observations following different surgical hand antisepsis techniques: a prospective descriptive study

Abstract

Aims: Surgical site infections (SSIs) constitute a significant proportion of hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to describe time-dependent intraoperative microbiological findings associated with three surgical hand antisepsis techniques. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in clean orthopedic surgical procedures. Three surgical hand antisepsis techniques were evaluated: traditional surgical handwashing with antimicrobial soap and water, alcohol-based hand rub, and chlorhexidine gluconate scrub without rinsing. Swab samples were collected from standardized areas of the surgeon’s dominant hand at the 30th minute, 1st hour, and 2nd hour of surgery to assess microbial contamination. Results: Detectable microbial growth was not identified in any of the collected samples at the evaluated intraoperative time points under the study conditions. Intraoperative cultures remained uniformly negative across the assessed antisepsis techniques. Conclusion: Across the evaluated intraoperative time intervals, samples obtained after the assessed surgical hand antisepsis techniques remained culture-negative under the study conditions. Given the absence of measurable variability in microbiological findings, the results should be interpreted as descriptive intraoperative observations within the methodological scope of the study.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Local Ethics Committee of Institution (Approval No: 2025/68, Date: February 20, 2025).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medical Infection Agents

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Cengiz Kazdal ^*
0000-0002-2121-4580
Türkiye

Muhammet Emin Küçükaydın
0009-0003-8440-4853
Türkiye

Suat Şahin This is me
0009-0009-1201-7700
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 10, 2026

Submission Date

January 28, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1873088

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA74NL77ZB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kazdal, C., Küçükaydın, M. E., & Şahin, S. (2026). Intraoperative microbiological observations following different surgical hand antisepsis techniques: a prospective descriptive study. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 8(2), 345-350. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1873088

AMA

1.Kazdal C, Küçükaydın ME, Şahin S. Intraoperative microbiological observations following different surgical hand antisepsis techniques: a prospective descriptive study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8(2):345-350. doi:10.38053/acmj.1873088

Chicago

Kazdal, Cengiz, Muhammet Emin Küçükaydın, and Suat Şahin. 2026. “Intraoperative Microbiological Observations Following Different Surgical Hand Antisepsis Techniques: A Prospective Descriptive Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 (2): 345-50. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1873088.

EndNote

Kazdal C, Küçükaydın ME, Şahin S (March 1, 2026) Intraoperative microbiological observations following different surgical hand antisepsis techniques: a prospective descriptive study. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 2 345–350.

IEEE

[1]C. Kazdal, M. E. Küçükaydın, and S. Şahin, “Intraoperative microbiological observations following different surgical hand antisepsis techniques: a prospective descriptive study”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 345–350, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.38053/acmj.1873088.

ISNAD

Kazdal, Cengiz - Küçükaydın, Muhammet Emin - Şahin, Suat. “Intraoperative Microbiological Observations Following Different Surgical Hand Antisepsis Techniques: A Prospective Descriptive Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8/2 (March 1, 2026): 345-350. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1873088.

JAMA

1.Kazdal C, Küçükaydın ME, Şahin S. Intraoperative microbiological observations following different surgical hand antisepsis techniques: a prospective descriptive study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8:345–350.

MLA

Kazdal, Cengiz, et al. “Intraoperative Microbiological Observations Following Different Surgical Hand Antisepsis Techniques: A Prospective Descriptive Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 345-50, doi:10.38053/acmj.1873088.

Vancouver

1.Cengiz Kazdal, Muhammet Emin Küçükaydın, Suat Şahin. Intraoperative microbiological observations following different surgical hand antisepsis techniques: a prospective descriptive study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026 Mar. 1;8(2):345-50. doi:10.38053/acmj.1873088