Investigation of the Usability as raw metarials an Fish Feed and Cultivation Ability of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) Seed in Our Country

Yıl 2019, , 108 - 116, 01.03.2019

Seval Bahadır Koca , Mehmet Pazar Bekir Atar , Nalan Özgür Yiğit

https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.443566

Öz

Niger
(Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) oil seed
has been cultivated since about 5000 years. It is  heavily cultivated  in South Ethiopia, India, Sudan, Uganda,
Zaire, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe and West Indies, Nepal and Bangladesh. Recently,
It’s cultivate is have been began in America . It is used in soaps, paints,
lubricants, lighting fuels, fertilizers and cosmetics in very small quantities.
The niger oil meal is the main protein supplement for livestock in Ethiopia. It
is used especially in sheep and goat rations for growth, in cattle rations for
milk. Niger meal contains approximately protein (34%) ,cellulose (20%) and ash
(10%). In terms of chemical composition, niger meal, similar to sunflower
meals,. The percentage of cellulose in niger dehulled meal decreases by 2%, the
fat and protein ratios increase. Niger seed is a very rich seed with linoleic
acid content and essential amino acids. In recent years, studies have been
carried out on digestibility and replacing fish meal of niger meal in tilapia
feeds. It has the potential to be cheaper oil source and raw feed material
for  suitable countries for cultivate. It
was carried out  in our review
introduction of the plant, the comparison of the nutritional values of niger
meal with some other fish feed raw metarial, and also a preliminary study for
niger culture in our country

Anahtar Kelimeler

Niger, Guizotia abyssinica, Chemical composition, fish fed

Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) Tohumunun Balık Yemi Hammaddesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliği ve Ülkemizde Yetiştirilebilirliğinin Araştırılması

Öz

 Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) yağlı
tohumunun yaklaşık 5000 yıldan beri kültürü yapılmakta, Güney Etiyopya, Hindistan, Sudan, Uganda,
Zaire, Tanzanya, Malavi, Zimbab
ve, Batı Hint Adaları, Nepal ve Bangladeş’te yoğun şekilde
yetiştirilmektedir. Son yıllarda Amerika’ da da üretime başlanmıştır.
Sabun , boya, yağlayıcı, aydınlatma yakıtı, gübre  ve çok az miktarda da kozmetikte
kullanılır.  Etiyopya'da niger yağlı küspeleri hayvancılık için ana
protein takviyesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle
koyun ve keçi rasyonlarında büyüme veya besi amaçlı, sığır rasyonlarında süt
verimi için kullanılmaktadır. Niger küspesi yaklaşık %34 protein,  %20 selüloz ve % 10 kül içermekte, kimyasal
kompozisyon bakımından ayçiçeği küspesine benzerlik göstermektedir. Nigerin
kabuksuz küspelerinin selüloz oranları %2 kadar düşürülmekte, yağ ve protein
oranları yükseltilebilmektedir. Niger tohumu linoleic asit içeriği ve
esansiyel amino asitlerce oldukça zengin bir tohumdur. Son yıllarda niger
küspesinin tilapia yemlerinde sindirilebilirlik ve balık unu yerine kullanımıyla
ilgili çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Yetiştiriciliğine uygun ülkeler için daha ucuz
yağ kaynağı ve yem ham maddesi olabilme potansiyeline sahip bir bitkidir. Bu
amaçla derlememizde bitkinin tanıtılması, niger küspesinin diğer bazı balık
yemi hammaddeleri ile besinsel değerlerinin karşılaştırılması ve aynı zamanda ülkemizde
yetiştirilebilirliği ile ilgili bir ön çalışma yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Niger, Guizotia abyssinica, Kimyasal kompozisyon, balık yemi

Kaynakça

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