Investigation of the Usability as raw metarials an Fish Feed and Cultivation Ability of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) Seed in Our Country

Abstract

Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) oil seed has been cultivated since about 5000 years. It is  heavily cultivated  in South Ethiopia, India, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe and West Indies, Nepal and Bangladesh. Recently, It’s cultivate is have been began in America . It is used in soaps, paints, lubricants, lighting fuels, fertilizers and cosmetics in very small quantities. The niger oil meal is the main protein supplement for livestock in Ethiopia. It is used especially in sheep and goat rations for growth, in cattle rations for milk. Niger meal contains approximately protein (34%) ,cellulose (20%) and ash (10%). In terms of chemical composition, niger meal, similar to sunflower meals,. The percentage of cellulose in niger dehulled meal decreases by 2%, the fat and protein ratios increase. Niger seed is a very rich seed with linoleic acid content and essential amino acids. In recent years, studies have been carried out on digestibility and replacing fish meal of niger meal in tilapia feeds. It has the potential to be cheaper oil source and raw feed material for  suitable countries for cultivate. It was carried out  in our review introduction of the plant, the comparison of the nutritional values of niger meal with some other fish feed raw metarial, and also a preliminary study for niger culture in our country

Keywords

• Niger,Guizotia abyssinica,Chemical composition,fish fed

Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) Tohumunun Balık Yemi Hammaddesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliği ve Ülkemizde Yetiştirilebilirliğinin Araştırılması

Öz

 Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) yağlı tohumunun yaklaşık 5000 yıldan beri kültürü yapılmakta, Güney Etiyopya, Hindistan, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire, Tanzanya, Malavi, Zimbab ve, Batı Hint Adaları, Nepal ve Bangladeş’te yoğun şekilde yetiştirilmektedir. Son yıllarda Amerika’ da da üretime başlanmıştır. Sabun , boya, yağlayıcı, aydınlatma yakıtı, gübre  ve çok az miktarda da kozmetikte kullanılır.  Etiyopya'da niger yağlı küspeleri hayvancılık için ana protein takviyesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle koyun ve keçi rasyonlarında büyüme veya besi amaçlı, sığır rasyonlarında süt verimi için kullanılmaktadır. Niger küspesi yaklaşık %34 protein,  %20 selüloz ve % 10 kül içermekte, kimyasal kompozisyon bakımından ayçiçeği küspesine benzerlik göstermektedir. Nigerin kabuksuz küspelerinin selüloz oranları %2 kadar düşürülmekte, yağ ve protein oranları yükseltilebilmektedir. Niger tohumu linoleic asit içeriği ve esansiyel amino asitlerce oldukça zengin bir tohumdur. Son yıllarda niger küspesinin tilapia yemlerinde sindirilebilirlik ve balık unu yerine kullanımıyla ilgili çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Yetiştiriciliğine uygun ülkeler için daha ucuz yağ kaynağı ve yem ham maddesi olabilme potansiyeline sahip bir bitkidir. Bu amaçla derlememizde bitkinin tanıtılması, niger küspesinin diğer bazı balık yemi hammaddeleri ile besinsel değerlerinin karşılaştırılması ve aynı zamanda ülkemizde yetiştirilebilirliği ile ilgili bir ön çalışma yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Niger,Guizotia abyssinica,Kimyasal kompozisyon,balık yemi

Kaynakça

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