Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Adiabene ile İlgili Anlatımlar

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 485 - 497, 31.07.2021

Ercüment Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.907111

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Seleukos Krallığı’nın güç kaybetmesinden sonra binyıllarca Asur Krallığı’nın merkezi olan coğrafyada ortaya çıkan Adiabene, bağımsızlığını sürdürdüğü yaklaşık yüzyıl boyunca Romalılar ve Partlar arasında tampon bir krallık olarak kalmıştır. Adiabene Krallığı’nın kurulmuş olduğu bölge, batıda Dicle Nehri, güneyde Küçük Zap Nehri, kuzeyde antik yazarların tanımı ile Gordyaean Dağları doğuda ise Zağros Dağları’nın batı yamaçları ile çevrilidir. Adiabene Krallığı ile ilgili anlatımlarda bulunan antik yazarların büyük çoğunluğu bu coğrafyada Ninova şehrinin ve Gaugamela’nın bulunduğunu belirtmektedir. Yine Antik kaynaklara göre Adiabene’nin bilinen ilk kralı Artaxares iken en güçlü döneminin II. Izates zamanında yaşandığı bilinmektedir. Josephus’a göre II. Izates döneminde Adiabene Krallığı, Yahudi dinini kabul etmiştir. Fakat bu dini değişikliğin kraliyet ailesi ile sınırlı kalmış olduğu düşünülmektedir. Adiabene bölgesi ile ilgili antik yazarlardan Strabon, Ammianus Marcellinus, Plutarch, Josephus, Tacitus ve Cassius Dio anlatımlarda bulunmaktadır. Bu anlatımlar, çoğunlukla krallığın konumu ve Roma – Part mücadelesine odaklanmıştır. Yine antik yazarlardan edinilen bilgiye göre Roma İmparatoru Trajan, MS 113 yılında Part Krallığı üzerine çıktığı seferde Adiabene Krallığını, Roma yönetimi altına almıştır. Sonrasında Adiabene Krallığının toprakları, Roma’nın Assyria eyaletine dönüştürülmüştür. Bu tarihten sonra Adiabene Krallığı gücünü tekrar toplayamamış ve bağımsız bir yönetime sahip olamamıştır. Bu çalışma Adiabene Krallığına dair antik kaynaklarda yer alan anlatımları bir araya getirerek krallığın tarihi hakkında genel bilgi vermeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Adiabene, Seleukos, II. Izates, Ninova,

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