Afet Yönetimi Sürecinde Risk Algısı Çalışmalarının Katkısı

Öz

Afetleri önlemek ve afetlerin zararlarını azaltmak için birçok yapısal ve yapısal olmayan çalışma yürütülmektedir. Özellikle afetler ve afetlerin olası sonuçları hakkında insanların düşüncelerini anlamak afet risk azaltma çalışmaları için önemlidir. Çünkü, insanların düşünceleri afetlere karşı koruyucu önlem alma davranışlarını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, afetlerle ilgili yürütülen bilimsel risk algısı çalışmalarının afet yönetimi açısından önemini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışma literatür taraması olarak yapılandırılmıştır. Bilim insanları farklı afet türlerine karşı insanların risk algılarını ve risk algısını etkileyen faktörleri yaygın bir şekilde araştırmışlardır. İnsanların afet risk algıları afetler ile ilgili algıladıkları korku, endişe, depresyon, anksiyete, maddi veya bireysel zarar görme olasılığı, bilgi, müdahale kapasitesine güven, afetin şiddeti, sıklığı ve etkisinin büyüklüğüne göre belirlenmiştir. Sosyo-demografik değişkenler arasından yaş, eğitim, ekonomik durum, afet tecrübesi ve afet risk algısı ilişkisi yaygın olarak araştırılmıştır. Afet risk algısı çalışmaları afet öncesi ve afet sonrası yönetim süreçlerinin daha iyi planlanması için gereklidir. Bu nedenle bilim insanları ve afet yönetiminden sorumlu kişiler toplumun afet risk algısını bütün afetler için kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• Risk
• Risk Algısı
• Afet Risk Algısı

Contribution of Risk Perception Studies in Disaster Management Process

Abstract

Many structural and non-structural measures are conducted to prevent disasters and reduce their damages. In particular, understanding people's thoughts related to disasters and their possible consequences is important for disaster risk reduction studies. Because, people's thoughts affect their behaviors to take protective measures against disasters. The objective of this study is to reveal the importance of scientific risk perception studies conducted on disasters in terms of disaster management. The study was designed as a literature review. Scientists have extensively investigated people's risk perceptions against different types of disasters and the factors affecting risk perception. Disaster risk perceptions of people were determined according to their perceived fear, worry, depression, anxiety, possibility of material or individual damage, knowledge, confidence in response capacity, severity, frequency and magnitude of the impact of disasters. Among the socio-demographic variables, the relationship between age, education, economic status, disaster experience and disaster risk perception has been widely investigated. Disaster risk perception studies are necessary for better planning pre-disaster and post-disaster management processes. Therefore, scientists and people responsible for disaster management should comprehensively investigate the disaster risk perception of the community for all disasters.

Keywords

• Disaster
• Risk
• Risk Perception
• Disaster Risk Perception

Kaynakça

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