Enzymes obtained from
different sources and made ready for further use, which also coagulate caseins,
are called milk coagulant enzyme, cheese rennet or rennet. For thousands of
years, rennet (in general rennin/chymosin) from the abomasus section in
stomachs of young ruminants animals has been obtained, and it has been used as
milk coagulant in cheese making. As cheese production and consumption in the
world have been increasing gradually, the steady declining supply of calf
rennet has accelerated the acquisition of enzymes that can be used in place of
alternative sources of calf rennet, and the search for highly efficient
production methods has become compulsory. Studies on alternative sources for
calf rennet are categorized as (i) the coagulants obtained from herbal sources
(herbal rennet), (ii) the rennet source, the microbial cheese rennets
consisting of proteolytic enzymes and obtained directly from microorganisms
(microbial rennet), (iii) the transfer of genetic material responsible for
rennin enzyme production to certain microorganisms, (recombinant chymosin),
which is composed of enzymes identical to the renin enzyme that it produces. Recombinant
chymosin is rapidly becoming a subject of research together with developing
gene technology. In this review, the effects of animal, plant and microbial
origin enzymes/cheese rennets on milk clotting and cheese ripening stages are
discussed.
Subjects | Food Engineering |
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Journal Section | Review Papers |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 24, 2017 |
Submission Date | February 28, 2017 |
Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 15 Issue: 4 |
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.
Akademik Gıda (Academic Food Journal) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).