Effect of Cadmium and Vitamin C on Citrobacter Freundii's Antioxidant Enzymes and Stress Markers

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 23 - 32, 28.02.2022

Muhammad Salihu Ibrahim Meltem Çakmak Dursun Özer Fikret Karataş Sinan Saydam

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1007756

Abstract

In this study, Citrobacter freundii (NRRL B-2643) bacteria were grown in LB medium containing varying concentrations of cadmium (Cd). In order to reduce the negative effect of Cd, different concentrations of vitamin C, known for its antioxidant properties, were added to the Cd-containing growth medium. Bacterial concentration, soluble protein and activities of antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) were determined by spectrophotometer. In addition, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG), 4-hydroxyneoneal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA) amounts were determined by HPLC. No significant microorganism growth was observed at 150 ppm and higher Cd concentrations. Bacteria production was not affected up to 40 ppm Cd concentration. Bacteria were grown in media containing 0, 75, 100 and 125 ppm Cd. The protein content of the microorganism grown in the medium containing 75, 100 and 125 ppm Cd decreased about 24, 44 and 62 percent, respectively, comparisons to the control. When 50 ppm of vitamin C was added to the same growth medium, the percentage decrease in protein amount compared to the control was found to be 10, 31 and 50, respectively. An increase was observed in the antioxidant enzymes activities and stress markers in bacteria grown in cadmium-containing media compared to the control (p<0.05). With the addition of 25, 50 and 75 ppm vitamin C to cadmium-containing media, a decrease was observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the amounts of stress markers.

Keywords

Antioxidant Enzymes, Citrobacter freundii, Cadmium, Stress Markers

Supporting Institution

Fırat Üniversitesi,

Project Number

FUBAP, FF.18.15

Thanks

Fırat University was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit (FÜBAP) with the project number FF 18.15

Kadmiyum ve C Vitamininin Citrobacter Freundii'nin Antioksidan Enzimleri ve Stres Belirteçleri Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Citrobacter freundii (NRRL B-2643) değişik konsantrasyonlarda kadmiyum içeren LB besi yerinde üretildi. Kadmiyumun (Cd) oluşturduğu olumsuz etkiyi azaltmak için, kadmiyum içeren besi yerine antioksidan özelliği ile bilinen değişik konsantrasyonlarda C vitamini katılarak da bakteri çoğaltıldı. Çoğaltılan bakteri konsantrasyonu, protein miktarı ve antioksidan enzimlerin (Glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px), Glutatyon redüktaz (GSH-Rd), Süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), Katalaz (CAT) ve peroksidaz (POD)) aktiviteleri spektofotometre ile belirlendi. Ayrıca redükte ve okside glutatyon (GSH ve GSSG), 4-hidroksineoneal (4-HNE) ve malondialdehit (MDA) miktarları ise HPLC ile tayin edildi. 40 ppm kadmiyum konsantrasyonuna kadar bakteri üretiminin etkilenmediği 150 ppm ve daha yüksek Cd konsantrasyonlarında de ise anlamlı mikroorganizma üremesi gözlenemedi. Bu nedenle 0, 75, 100 ve 125 ppm Cd içeren besi yerlerinde bakteri üretimi gerçekleştirildi. 75, 100 ve 125 ppm Cd içeren besi yerinde üretilen mikroorganizmaların protein miktarı kontrole göre sırasıyla yüzde 24, 44 ve 62 oranında azalmıştır. Aynı besi ortamına 50 ppm C vitamini eklendiğinde ise kontrole göre protein miktarındaki yüzde azalma sırasıyla 10, 31 ve 50 olarak bulunmuştur. Kadmiyum içeren besi ortamında üretilen bakterilerdeki antioksidan enzimlerin aktiviteleri ve stres biyomarkerlerı kontrole göre artış, göstermiştir (p<0.05). Kadmiyum içeren besi ortamına 25, 50 ve 75 ppm C vitamini katılmasıyla birlikte antioksidan enzimlerin aktiviteleri ve stres belirteçlerinin miktarlarında azalma olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

Antioksidan Enzimler, Citrobacter freundii, Kadmiyum, Sitres Belirteçleri

Project Number

FUBAP, FF.18.15

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