Oral Mucosal White Lesions

Abstract

Oral mucosal lesions are common pathologies in dentistry, otolaryngology and dermatology outpatient clinics. Oral mucosal lesions could either be infectious, autoimmune, premalignant or malignant, or ocur secondarily in the form of oral involvement of a systemic disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal lesions are important. The white lesions of the oral mucosa may be smooth- surfaced and may appear in the form of focal, multiple or diffuse foci, located at the same level with the solid mucosa. In addition, they may be located slightly raised, hairy, folded, or of lace appearance. These lesions may become fissured, ulcerative, erosive or inflammatory lesions in the future.
With detailed patient examination and anamnesis, most of the oral mucosal white lesions can be diagnosed and the necessary treatment can be applied. Clinical findings provide important clues about the origin and diagnosis of the lesion. Early diagnosis and appropriate approaches of oral lesions will yield positive results in the prognosis of diseases and the quality of patients’ lives. Therefore, the findings of oral lesions, oral findings of systemic diseases, malignancy potential of lesions should be evaluated. The aim of this review is to examine the oral mucosal white lesions in detail, to evaluate the current approaches and increase the awareness of the dentists and pediatric dentists.

Keywords

• White lesions,oral mucosa,candidiasis,lichen planus

Oral Mukozal Beyaz Lezyonlar

Öz

Diş hekimliği, kulak burun boğaz ve dermatoloji polikliniklerinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan patolojiler arasında yer alan oral mukozal lezyonlar; enfeksiyöz, otoimmün, premalign ya da malign lezyonların habercisi olabilecekleri gibi sekonder olarak sistemik hastalığın oral tutulumu şeklinde de ortaya çıkabilirler. Bu nedenle oral mukozal lezyonların erken tanısı ve tedavisi önemlidir. Oral mukozanın beyaz lezyonları klinikte fokal, çoklu veya yaygın odaklar halinde, sağlam mukozayla aynı seviyede, yüzeyi düzgün olabildiği gibi dantel görünümünde, normal seviyeden hafifçe kabarık, üzeri tüylü, katlanmış lezyonlar olarak karşımıza çıkabilir. Bu lezyonlar ileride fissürlü, ülseratif, eroziv veya enflamatuar lezyonlar haline dönüşebilirler.
Detaylı hasta muayenesi ve anamneziyle oral mukozal beyaz lezyonların çoğunda tanıya kolaylıkla ulaşılabilmekte ve gerekli tedavi uygulanabilmektedir. Bu nedenle ağız lezyonlarının bulguları, sistemik hastalıkların ağız bulguları, lezyonların malignite potansiyeli değerlendirilerek hastalara yaklaşılmalıdır. Klinik bulgular lezyonun kökeni ve tanısı konusunda önemli ipuçları vermektedir. Ağız lezyonlarının erken teşhisi ve uygun yaklaşımları, hastalıkların prognozunda ve hastaların yaşam kalitesinde olumlu sonuçlar ortaya çıkaracaktır. Bu nedenle ağız lezyonlarının bulguları, sistemik hastalıkların ağız bulguları, lezyonların malignite potansiyeli değerlendirilerek hastalara yaklaşılmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı; oral mukozal beyaz lezyonları detaylı inceleyerek ve hastalarda görülen mukozal lezyonların güncel yaklaşımlarını değerlendirerek diş hekimleri ve pedodontistlerin farkındalığını artırmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beyaz lezyonlar,oral mukoza,kandidiyazis,liken planus

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