Yerel Halkın Turizmin Gelişimine Yönelik Algı ve Desteğinde Yer Kimliği ve Yer İmajının Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Adıyaman il merkezinde yaşayan yerel halkın turizm gelişimine yönelik algı ve desteğinde yer kimliği ve yer imajının rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde bir model geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada veriler, anket tekniği yardımı ile elde edilmiş ve geçerli 698 veri üzerinden analizler yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda yer kimliğinin yerel halkın turizmin olumlu etkilerine yönelik algılarını, yer imajının da turizmin olumsuz etkilerine yönelik algılarını etkilediği saptanmıştır. Yerel halkın yer kimliği ve yer imajı algılarının turizme yönelik desteğini doğrudan etkilemediği görülmüştür. Yerel halkın turizm gelişimine yönelik desteği de turizmin algılanan olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri ile açıklanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda ilgili alanyazına ve sektöre yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Keywords

• Turizm gelişimi
• algı
• destek
• yer kimliği
• yer imajı
• Yerel Halk

The Role of Place Identity and Place Image in the Perception and Support of Residents towards Tourism Development

Abstract

Aim of the study is to reveal the role of place identity and place image in the perception and support of the residenst living in the city center of Adıyaman towards tourism development. In accordance with this purpose, a model has been developed within the framework of the related literature. Data were obtained with the help of the survey technique and analyzes were performed through the 698 valid data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the identity of the place predicted the residents' perceptions about the positive effects of tourism and the place image predicted the perceptions of the negative effects of tourism. It has been observed that residensts' perception of place identity and place image does not directly affect their support for tourism. The support of resident for tourism development is explained by the perceived positive and negative effects of tourism. In accordance with the findings obtained, suggestions have been developed for the related literature and sector.

Keywords

• Resident
• Tourism Development
• Perception
• Support
• Place Identity
• Place Image

References

1. Acar, S., Meydan, M.C., Bilen Kazancık, L. & Işık, M. (2019). İllerin ve bölgelerin sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik sıralaması araştırması. Ankara: Kalkınma Ajansları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını.
2. Adıyaman Valiliği (2017). Adıyaman nüfus bilgileri. http://www.adiyaman.gov.tr/nufus-bilgileri (erişim taihi:05.05.2018).
3. Almeida-García, F., Peláez-Fernández, M. Á., Balbuena-Vazquez, A. & Cortes-Macias, R. (2016). Residents' perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain). Tourism Management, 54, 259-274.
4. Argan, M., Sabri, K. A. Y. A., Argan, M. T., Akyıldız, M. & Korkmaz, T. (2015). Relationship between place attachment and event satisfaction: a study on university students. Journal of Sport and Social Sciences, 2(2), 1-15.
5. Ayazlar, G., Aslan, S. ve Çörüş, H.A. (2015). Nereden bilelim? kimliğinde turizmci mi yazıyor? yerel halk ve sosyal kimlik teorisi, 16. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, Çanakkale 18 Mart Üniversitesi 12-15 Kasım 2016. Çanakkale. ss. 844-858
6. Arslan-Ayazlar, R. ve Ayazlar, G. (2016). Yerel halkın turizmin etkilerine yönelik tutumunda aidiyet duygusu ve yaşam tatmininin rolü. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(4), 1451-1470.
7. Ayazlar, G. (2016). Yerel halkın turizm etkilerine yönelik tutumlarını anlamak: yerel halkın bölge imajı ve bölge desteği. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(43), 2538-2547.
8. Boley, B. B., McGehee, N. G., Perdue, R. R. & Long, P. (2014). Empowerment and resident attitudes toward tourism: strengthening the Theoretical Foundation Through A Weberian Lens. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 33-50.

9. Chen, S., Wang, S. & Xu, H. (2017). Influence of place identity on residents’ attitudes to dark tourism. Journal of China Tourism Research, 13(4), 338-356.
10. Çiçek, D. ve Sarı, Y. (2018). Yerel halkın turizme olan desteği: Türkiye’deki sakin şehirler üzerine bir araştırma. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29(2), 185-196.
11. Dedeoğlu, B.B., Çamlıca, K., Karakuş, Y. ve Birinci, M.C. (2018). Yerel halkın turizmin fayda ve maliyetlerine ilişkin algılamalarında bölge aidiyetinin belirleyiciliği: kapadokya örneği, 7. Ulusal (III. Uluslararası) Doğu Akdeniz Turizm Sempozyumu, İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi 20-21 Nisan 2018. Hatay. ss: 862-867.
12. Dichter, E. (1985). What's in an image. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2(1), 75-81.
13. Ekici, R. ve Çizel, B. (2014). Yerel halkın turizm gelişimi desteğine ilişkin tutumlarının destinasyonların gelişme düzeyine göre farklılıkları. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 11(3), 73-87.
14. Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K. ve Sanisoğlu, S.Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Türkiye Klinikleri, 30(1), 210-223.
15. Eusébio, C., Vieira, A. L. & Lima, S. (2018). Place attachment, host–tourist interactions, and residents’ attitudes towards tourism development: The Case of Boa Vista Island in Cape Verde. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(6), 890-909.
16. Faulkner, B. & Tideswell, C. (1997). A framework for monitoring community impacts of tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5 (1), 3-28.
17. Garcia, J. A., Gomez, M. & Molina, A. (2012). A destination-branding model: an empirical analysis based on stakeholders. Tourism Management, 33 (3), 646-661.
18. Göregenli, M. (2013). Çevre psikolojisi: insan-mekan ilişkileri. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
19. Göregenli, M., Karakuş, P., Kösten, E. Y. Ö. ve Umuroğlu, I. (2014). Mahalleye bağlılık düzeyinin kent kimliği
20. Goeldner, C. R. & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2002). Tourism: principles, practices. Philosophiesn New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
21. Gu, H. & Ryan, C. (2008). Place attachment, identity and community impacts of tourism—The Case of a Beijing Hutong. Tourism Management, 29, 637-647.
22. Gursoy, D., & Rutherford, D. G. (2004). Host attitudes toward tourism: an improved structural model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 495-516.
23. Gursoy, D., Ouyang, Z., Nunkoo, R., & Wei, W. (2019). Residents’ impact perceptions of and attitudes towards tourism development: a meta-analysis. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28 (3), 306-333.
24. Hadinejad, H. Moyle, B.D., Scott, N., Kralj, A. & Nunkoo, R. (2019). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: a review. Tourism Review, 74 (2).
25. Haobin-Ye, B., Qiu Zhang, H., Huawen Shen, J. & Goh, C. (2014). Does social identity affect residents’ attitude toward tourism development? an evidence from the relaxation of the individual visit scheme. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(6), 907-929.
26. Hernández, B., Hidalgo, M. C., Salazar-Laplace, M. E. & Hess, S. (2007). Place attachment and place identity in Natives and ;Non-natives. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(4), 310-319.
27. Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernández, B. (2001). Place attachment: conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281.
28. Kemmis, D. (1990). Community and the politics of place. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
29. Ko, D. W., & Stewart, W. P. (2002). A structural equation model of residents’ attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 23(5), 521-530.
30. Latkova, P. & Vogt, C. A. (2012). Residents’ attitudes toward existing and future tourism development in rural communities. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 50–67.
31. Lewicka, M. (2010). What makes neighborhood different from home and city? effects of place scale on place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 35-51.
32. Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37-46.
33. Marsh, H. W. & Hocevar, D. A (1998). New, more powerful approach to multitrait-multimethod analyses: application of second-order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(1), 107-117.
34. Martín, H. S., De Los Salmones Sánchez, M. M. G. & Herrero, Á. (2018). Residentsʼ attitudes and behavioural support for tourism in host communities. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(2), 231-243.
35. McCool, S. F. & Martin, S. R. (1994). Community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 32(3), 29-34.
36. Nunkoo, R. & Gursoy, D. (2012). Residents’ support for tourism: an identity perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 243-268.
37. Oğuzbalaban, G. (2017). Türkiye’de yerel halkın turizme ve turizmin etkilerine yönelik algı ve tutumlarına ilişkin yazın taraması. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(51), 1321-1329.
38. Oviedo‐ Garcia, M. A., Castellanos‐Verdugo, M. & Martin‐Ruiz, D. (2008). Gaining residents' support for tourism and planning. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(2), 95-109.
39. Peštek, A., Dizdarević, L., Galić, M., & Arifhodžić, M. (2019). Residents' attitudes toward tourism development: a case study of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Društvena İstraživanja. Časopis za Opća Društvena Pitanja, 28(1), 131-151.
40. Pizam, A., Uriely, N. & Reichel, A. (2000). The ıntensity of tourist–host social relationship and its effects on satisfaction and change of attitudes: the case of working tourists in Israel. Tourism Management, 21(4), 395-406.
41. Ramkissoon, H. & Nunkoo, R. (2011). City image and perceived tourism impact: evidence from Port Louis, Mauritius. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 12(2), 123-143.
42. Rasoolimanesh, S.M., Jaafar, M., Kock, M. (2017). factors on residents’ perceptions toward world heritage site inscription and sustainable tourism development. Journal of Sustaniable Tourism, 25 (2), 198-216.
43. Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Ringle, C. M., Jaafar, M. & Ramayah, T. (2017b). Urban vs. rural destinations: residents’ perceptions, community participation and support for tourism development. Tourism Management, 60,147-158.
44. Shumaker, S. A. & Taylor, R. B. (1983). Toward a clarification of people-place relationships: a model of attachment to place. In N. R. Feimer ve E. S. Geller (Eds), Environmental psychology. Directions and Perspectives, New York: Praeger.
45. Stets, J. E. & Bigga, C. F. (2003). Bringing ıdentity theory into environmental sociology. Sociological Theory, 21(4), 398–423.
46. Strzelecka, M., Boley, B.B., & Woosnam, K.M. (2017). Place attachment and empowerment: do residents need to be attachment to empowerment. Annals of Tourism Research, 66, 61-73.
47. Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J. K. & Szivas, M. (2014). Residents' support for tourism development: the role of residents' place image and perceived tourism impacts. Tourism Management, 45, 260-274.
48. Stylidis, D., Belhassen, Y. & Shani, A. (2015). Three tales of a city: stakeholders’ images of Eilat as a tourist destination. Journal of Travel Research, 54(6), 702-716.
49. Stylidis, D. (2016). The Role of place image dimensions in residents' support for tourism development. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(2), 129-139.
50. Stylidis, D., Sit, J. K. & Biran, A. (2016). An exploratory study of place image: the case of Kavala. Journal of Travel Research, 55 (5), 659-674.
51. Stylidis, D., Shani, A. & Belhassen, Y. (2017). Testing an integrated destination ımage model across residents and tourists. Tourism Management, 58, 184-195.
52. Stylidis, D. (2018). Place attachment, perception of place and residents’ support for tourism development. Tourism Planning & Development, 15(2), 188-210.
53. Stylos, N., Bellou, V., Andronikidis, A. & Vassiliadis, C. A. (2017). Linking the dots among destination images, place attachment, and revisit intentions: a study among British and Russian tourists. Tourism Management, 60, 15-29.
54. Tsai, C. T. (2016). Memorable tourist experiences and place attachment when consuming local food. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(6), 536-548.
55. Tuan, Y-F. (1977). Space and place: the perspective of experience. Minnepolis: University of Minnesota Press.
56. Türker, N., Selçuk, Ş. ve Özyıldırım, A. (2016). Turizmin yerel halkın yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi: Safranbolu örneği. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6 (1), 1-13.
57. Sevim, B., Seçilmiş, C. ve Görkem, O. (2013). Algılanan destinasyon imajının tavsiye davranışı üzerine etkisi: Safranbolu’da bir araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 9(20), 115-129.
58. Ural, A. ve Kılıç, İ. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
59. Uysal, M., Woo, E. & Singal, M. (2012). The tourist area life cycle (TALC) and its effect on the quality-of-life (QOL) of destination community. In Handbook of Tourism and Quality-of-Life Research (pp. 423-443). Springer, Dordrecht.
60. Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E., & Kim, H. L. (2016). Quality of life (QOL) and well-being research in tourism. Tourism Management, 53, 244–261.
61. Wang, S. (2016). Roles of place identity distinctiveness and continuity on resident attitude toward tourism. European Journal of Tourism Research, 13, 58-68.
62. Wang, Y. & Pfister, R. E. (2008). Residents' attitudes toward tourism and perceived personal benefits in a rural community. Journal of Travel Research, 47(1), 84-93.
63. Wang, S. & Xu, H. (2015). Influence of place-based senses of distinctiveness, continuity, self-esteem and self-efficacy on residents' attitudes toward tourism. Tourism Management, 47, 241-250.
64. Wang, S. & Chen, J. S. (2015). The influence of place identity on perceived tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 16-28.
65. Woosnam, K. M. (2011). Comparing residents’ and tourists’ emotional solidarity with one another: an extension of Durkheim’s Model. Journal of Travel Research, 50(6), 615-626.
66. Woosnam, K. M. (2012). Using emotional solidarity to explain residents’ attitudes about tourism and tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 51(3), 315-327.
67. Yazıcıoğlu, Y. ve Erdoğan, S. (2011). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
68. Yeşilyurt, H. ve Koçak, N. (2018). Yerel halkın turizm gelişimine yönelik desteğini inceleyen makalelerin bibliyometrik incelemesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Iwact’18 Özel Sayısı, 191-206.
69. Yılmaz, İ. ve Çalışkan, C. (2015). Turizm potansiyeli olan bölgelerde toplumsal kapasite algısı: Adıyaman örneği. Journal of Yasar University, 10(39), 6585 – 6595.
70. Yoon, Y., Gursoy, D. & Chen, J. S. (2001). Validating a tourism development theory with structural equation modeling. Tourism Management, 22(4), 363-372.