MENA Ülkeleri Tarım Sektörlerinin Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliliği Endeksi ile İncelenmesi

Öz

Tarım sektörü, geçmişten günümüze besin ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi ve gelir kaynağı olması açısından insanlık için önemini hiç kaybetmemiştir. İnsan nüfusunun hızlı bir şekilde büyümesi ile birlikte gıda ihtiyacının artması ve iklim değişikliği sebebiyle kuraklık sorununun yaşanması gibi faktörler tarım sektöründeki verimliliğin öneminin artmasını sağlamıştır. Tarımsal verimlilik, özellikle gelişmekte olan ve azgelişmiş ülkeler için gelir kaynağı olması ve iktisadi gelişime katkı sağlaması yönüyle önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı çoğunlukla gelişmekte olan ve azgelişmiş ülkelerden oluşan MENA ülkelerinin 1967-2016 dönemi için tarımsal verimlilik değişimlerini Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) tabanlı girdi yönelimli Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik (TFV) endeksi aracılığıyla incelemektir. Çalışmada ele alınan ülkeler, düşük ve yüksek gelirli ülkeler olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre; düşük gelirli ülkelerde ortalama Malmquist (TFV) endeksinde yaklaşık %1’lik artış; yüksek gelirli ülkelerde ise %0,3’lük bir düşüş gözlemlenmiştir. Her iki ülke grubu için ortalama etkinlik ve etkinlik değişimi skorlarında kısmi bir atış, ortalama teknik değişim skorunda ise düşüş gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarımsal Verimlilik
• MENA Ülkeleri
• Malmquist (TFV) Endeksi
• Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA)

Analysis of the Agricultural Sectors of MENA Countries with Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index

Abstract

The agricultural sector has never lost its importance for humanity in terms of meeting nutritional needs and being a source of income from past to present. The increase in the need for food due to the rapid increase in the population and the drought problem due to climate change have made the productivity more important in the agricultural sector. Agricultural productivity is vital for developing and less developed countries in terms of being a source of income and contributing to economic development. The aim of this study is to examine the agricultural productivity changes of MENA countries that mostly consist of developing and less developed countries, for the period of 1967-2016 through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based input-oriented Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index. The countries considered in the study are divided into two groups as low and high income countries. According to the results of the study; an increase of about 1% in the average Malmquist (TFP) index in low-income countries; a decrease of 0.3% was observed in high-income countries. For both country groups, a partial increase was observed in the average efficiency and efficiency change scores, while a partial decrease in the average technical change score was observed.

Keywords

• Agricultural Productivity
• MENA Countries
• Malmquist (TFP) Index
• Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

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