Abstract
In order to study effects of seed priming on storage reservoirs and element contents of aged milk thistle seeds a factorial experiment was conducted based on complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Treatments were hydropriming (using distilled water), halopriming (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6% KNO3) and accelerated aging (0, 48, 96 and 144 hours under 45 °C and 100% relative humidity). Investigated parameters were germination percentage, mean time germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed reservoirs usage rate (SRUR), seed reservoirs usage efficiency (SRUE), fraction of utilized seed reservoirs (FUSR), catalase activity (CAT), content of sodium, potassium, calcium and sodium to potassium ratio in seedling and cotyledons. The result showed that priming could increase germination percentage, seedling length, and dry weight and reduce mean time of seed germination, while under aging conditions all these traits were decreased except mean time of germination. Priming with concentrations of 3% and 1.5% KNO3 showed the highest germination percentage, seedling length, dry weight and least mean time germination. Catalase activity deceased at ageing treatment and priming seeds with 3% KNO3 exhibited the highest value of catalase activity. Aging treatment led to increase of SRUR and in contrast it decreased SRUE and FUSR. The highest SRUR appointed to hydropriming, whereas the highest amount of SRUE and FUSR belonged to 3% KNO3 treatment. Aging increased Na+ content and Na+/K+ ration while, it deceased K+ and Ca2+ in seedling and cotyledon. In general priming increased germination percent and improved seedling growth, performance of reserves and as well as increased catalase activity and reduced elements leakage from the cells under the aging.
References
- Basker A M & Hatton W (1987). Calcium peroxidase as a seed coating material for paddy rice .III. Glasshouse trails. Plant and Soil 99: 379-387
- Basra S M A, Ahmad N, Khan M M, Iqbal N & Cheema M A (2003). Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerate Seed Science and Technology 31: 531-540
- Bewley J D & Black M (1994). Seeds physiology of development and germination. 2nd end. Plenum Press, New York
- Bhattacharjee S & Mukherjee A K (2002). Salt stress induced cytosolute accumulation, antioxidant response and membrane deterioration in three rice cultivars during early germination. Seed Science and Technology 30: 279-287
- Bienert G P, Schjoerringa J K & Jahn T P (2006). Membrane transport of hydrogen peroxide. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1758: 994-1003
- Borgan J C (2006). Flame photometric determination of calcium in plants. Journal of Sciences Food and Agriculture 11: 446-449
- Bradford M M (1976). A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254
- Bradford K J (1985). Seed priming improves germination and emergence of cantaloupe at low temperature. Horticultural Science 20: 596
- Bray C M (1995). Biochemical processes during the osmopriming of seeds, in: Y. Kigel, G. Galili (Eds.), Seed Development and Germination, Marcel Dekker, pp. 767-789, New York
- Cakmak I & Horst W J (1991). Effect of aluminum on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycine max). Plant Physiology 83: 463- 468
- Cakmak I (2002). Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant and Soil 247: 3-24.
- Cosgrove D (2000). Loosening of plant cell walls by expansions. Nature 407: 321-326
- Dewal G S & Pareek R G (2004). Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on growth, yield and wheat Triticum aestivum. Indian Journal of Agronomy 49: 160-162
- Edgar S P, Rebecca E, Hirsch D R, Lewis Z Q, Michael R S & Bryan D L (1999). Potassium uptake supporting plant growth in the absence of AKT1 channel activity. Journal of Genetic Physiology 13: 456-469
- Ellis R H & Roberts E H (1981). The quantification of aging and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology 9: 377-409
- Gholami Tilebeni H & Golpayegani A (2011). Effect of seed ageing on physiological and biochemical changes in rice seed (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of AgriScience 1: 138-143
- Gomez K A & Gomez A A (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Wiley Acquires Interscience Publishers, pp. 680
- Guo B S, Zhu W M & Xiong B K (1988). Rare Earths in Agriculture, China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 1-22, 45-202 (in Chinese)
- Hsu C C, Chen C L, Chen J J & Sung J M (2003). Accelerated aging-enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulture 98: 201-212
- Hu Y & Schmidhalter U (2005). Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. Journal Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 168: 541-549
- Isamah G K (2004). ATPase, peroxidase and lipoxygenase activity during post-harvest deterioration of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root tubers. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 54: 319-323
- Karo M & Mishra D (1976). Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology 57: 315-319
- Khan M Z, Blackshaw R E & Marwat K B (2009). Biology of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and the management options for growers in north-western Pakistan. Weed Biology Management 9: 99-105
- Kibinza S, Bazin J, Bailly C H, Farrant J M, Corbineau F & Maarouf-Bouteau H E (2011). Catalase is a key enzyme in seed recovery from ageing during priming. Plant Science 181: 309-315
- Kibinza S, Vinel D, Come D, Bailly C & Corbineau F (2006). Sunflower seed deterioration as related to moisture content during ageing, energy metabolism and active oxygen species scavenging. Plant Physiology 128: 496-506
- Kren V & Walterova D (2005). Silybin and silymarin- New effects and applications. Biomedical Papers 149: 29-41
- Lin J M, & Sung J M (2001). Pre-sowing treatments for improving emergence of bitter gourd seedlings under optimal and sub-optimal temperatures. Seed Science and Technology 29: 39-50
- Ludlow M M & Ng T T (1977). Leaf elongation rate Panicum maacimum var. trichoglume. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 3: 401-411
- McDonald M B (1998). Seed quality assessment. Seed Science Researcher 8: 265-275
- McDonald M B (1999). Seed deterioration. Physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology 27: 177-237
- Murthy U M N, Kumar P D & Sun W Q (2003). Mechanisms of seed aging under different storable conditions for Vigna vadiata L. wilczek. Lipid peroxidation, sugar hydrolysis, Maillavdn reactions and their relationship to state transition. Journal of Experimental Botany 384: 1057-1067
- Priestley D A (1986). Seed Aging. Implications of Seed Storage and Persistence in the Soil, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY
- Ramasamy K & Agarwal R (2008). Multitargeted therapy of cancer by silymarin. Cancer Letters 269: 352-362
- Romero-Puertas M C, Palma J M, Gomez M, Del Rio L A & Sandalio L M (2002). Cadmium causes the oxidative modification of proteins in pea plants. Plant, Cell and Environment 25: 677-686
- Sedghi M, Nemati A, Amanpour-Balaneji B & Gholipouri AG (2010). Influence of different priming materials on germination and seedling establishment of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) under salinity stress. World Applied Sciences Journal 11: 604-609
- Shaker E, Mahmoud H & Mnaa S (2010). Silymarin, the antioxidant component and Silybum marianum extracts prevent liver damage. Food Chemistry and Toxicology 48: 803-806
- Shimizu N & Kobayashi K (1984). The reaction of superoxide radical with catalase. Mechanism of the inhibition of catalase by superoxide radical. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 4414-4418
- Soltani E, Kamkar B, Galeshi S & Akram Ghaderi F (2008). The effect of seed deterioration on seed reserves depletion and heterotrophic seedling growth
Tohum Yaşlandırma ve Önuygulamanın Meryemana Dikeni (Silybum marianum (L.) Tohumlarında Katalaz Aktivitesi ve Depo Rezervlerine Etkisi
Abstract
Tohum yaşlandırma ve önuygulamanın meryemana dikeni tohumlarına etkisini belirlemek üzere tesadüf parselleri
deneme deseninde ve 3 tekerrürlü bir deneme yürütülmüştür. Önuygulamaları, su önuygulaması (damıtık su) ve tuz
önuygulaması (% 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 ve 6 KNO3
), tohum yaşlandırmayı ise 45 °C ve % 100 oransal neme sahip ortamda
bekletme (0, 48, 96 ve 144 saat) oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada, çimlenme yüzdesi, ortalama çimlenme süresi, fide boyu,
fide kuru ağırlığı, tohum rezervi kullanım oranı (SRUR), tohum rezerv kullanım etkinliği (SRUE), kullanılan tohum
rezervi fraksiyonu (FUSR), katalaz aktivitesi (CAT), fide ve kotiledon sodyum, potasyum, kalsiyum ve sodyum içeriği
ve sodyumun potasyuma oranı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar; tohum önuygulamalarının çimlenme yüzdesini, fide boyunu ve
kuru ağırlığını artırıp ortalama çimlenme süresini azaltırken, tohum yaşlandırmanın çimlenme süresi dışında tüm bu
özellikleri azalttığını göstermiştir. En kısa ortalama çimlenme süresi ve en yüksek çimlenme oranı, fide boyu ve kuru
ağırlık değerlerine % 3 ve % 1.5’lik KNO3
ile tohum yaşlandırma uygulamalarında ulaşılmıştır. Tohum yaşlandırma
uygulamaları katalaz aktivitesini azaltmış ve % 3’lük KNO3
önuygulamasında ise en yüksek katalaz aktivitesi değerine
ulaşılmıştır. Tohum yaşlandırma uygulamaları SRUR değerini artırırken, SRUE ve FSUR değerlerinde düzenli bir azalışa
neden olmuştur. En yüksek SRUR değerine su önuygulamasında ulaşılırken en yüksek SRUE ve FSUR değerlerine
% 3’lük KNO3
önuygulamasında ulaşılmıştır. Tohum yaşlandırma, fide ve kotiledonun Na+
içeriğini ve Na+/ K+ oranını artırırken, K+ ve Ca2+ içeriğini azaltmıştır. Genel olarak, önuygulamalar çimlenme yüzdesini artırıp, fide gelişimi, rezerv
performansı ve katalaz aktivitesini iyileştirirken, Tohum yalandırma hücrelerden element yıkanmasını azaltmıştır.
References
- Basker A M & Hatton W (1987). Calcium peroxidase as a seed coating material for paddy rice .III. Glasshouse trails. Plant and Soil 99: 379-387
- Basra S M A, Ahmad N, Khan M M, Iqbal N & Cheema M A (2003). Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerate Seed Science and Technology 31: 531-540
- Bewley J D & Black M (1994). Seeds physiology of development and germination. 2nd end. Plenum Press, New York
- Bhattacharjee S & Mukherjee A K (2002). Salt stress induced cytosolute accumulation, antioxidant response and membrane deterioration in three rice cultivars during early germination. Seed Science and Technology 30: 279-287
- Bienert G P, Schjoerringa J K & Jahn T P (2006). Membrane transport of hydrogen peroxide. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1758: 994-1003
- Borgan J C (2006). Flame photometric determination of calcium in plants. Journal of Sciences Food and Agriculture 11: 446-449
- Bradford M M (1976). A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254
- Bradford K J (1985). Seed priming improves germination and emergence of cantaloupe at low temperature. Horticultural Science 20: 596
- Bray C M (1995). Biochemical processes during the osmopriming of seeds, in: Y. Kigel, G. Galili (Eds.), Seed Development and Germination, Marcel Dekker, pp. 767-789, New York
- Cakmak I & Horst W J (1991). Effect of aluminum on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycine max). Plant Physiology 83: 463- 468
- Cakmak I (2002). Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant and Soil 247: 3-24.
- Cosgrove D (2000). Loosening of plant cell walls by expansions. Nature 407: 321-326
- Dewal G S & Pareek R G (2004). Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on growth, yield and wheat Triticum aestivum. Indian Journal of Agronomy 49: 160-162
- Edgar S P, Rebecca E, Hirsch D R, Lewis Z Q, Michael R S & Bryan D L (1999). Potassium uptake supporting plant growth in the absence of AKT1 channel activity. Journal of Genetic Physiology 13: 456-469
- Ellis R H & Roberts E H (1981). The quantification of aging and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology 9: 377-409
- Gholami Tilebeni H & Golpayegani A (2011). Effect of seed ageing on physiological and biochemical changes in rice seed (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of AgriScience 1: 138-143
- Gomez K A & Gomez A A (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Wiley Acquires Interscience Publishers, pp. 680
- Guo B S, Zhu W M & Xiong B K (1988). Rare Earths in Agriculture, China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 1-22, 45-202 (in Chinese)
- Hsu C C, Chen C L, Chen J J & Sung J M (2003). Accelerated aging-enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulture 98: 201-212
- Hu Y & Schmidhalter U (2005). Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. Journal Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 168: 541-549
- Isamah G K (2004). ATPase, peroxidase and lipoxygenase activity during post-harvest deterioration of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root tubers. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 54: 319-323
- Karo M & Mishra D (1976). Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology 57: 315-319
- Khan M Z, Blackshaw R E & Marwat K B (2009). Biology of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and the management options for growers in north-western Pakistan. Weed Biology Management 9: 99-105
- Kibinza S, Bazin J, Bailly C H, Farrant J M, Corbineau F & Maarouf-Bouteau H E (2011). Catalase is a key enzyme in seed recovery from ageing during priming. Plant Science 181: 309-315
- Kibinza S, Vinel D, Come D, Bailly C & Corbineau F (2006). Sunflower seed deterioration as related to moisture content during ageing, energy metabolism and active oxygen species scavenging. Plant Physiology 128: 496-506
- Kren V & Walterova D (2005). Silybin and silymarin- New effects and applications. Biomedical Papers 149: 29-41
- Lin J M, & Sung J M (2001). Pre-sowing treatments for improving emergence of bitter gourd seedlings under optimal and sub-optimal temperatures. Seed Science and Technology 29: 39-50
- Ludlow M M & Ng T T (1977). Leaf elongation rate Panicum maacimum var. trichoglume. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 3: 401-411
- McDonald M B (1998). Seed quality assessment. Seed Science Researcher 8: 265-275
- McDonald M B (1999). Seed deterioration. Physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology 27: 177-237
- Murthy U M N, Kumar P D & Sun W Q (2003). Mechanisms of seed aging under different storable conditions for Vigna vadiata L. wilczek. Lipid peroxidation, sugar hydrolysis, Maillavdn reactions and their relationship to state transition. Journal of Experimental Botany 384: 1057-1067
- Priestley D A (1986). Seed Aging. Implications of Seed Storage and Persistence in the Soil, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY
- Ramasamy K & Agarwal R (2008). Multitargeted therapy of cancer by silymarin. Cancer Letters 269: 352-362
- Romero-Puertas M C, Palma J M, Gomez M, Del Rio L A & Sandalio L M (2002). Cadmium causes the oxidative modification of proteins in pea plants. Plant, Cell and Environment 25: 677-686
- Sedghi M, Nemati A, Amanpour-Balaneji B & Gholipouri AG (2010). Influence of different priming materials on germination and seedling establishment of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) under salinity stress. World Applied Sciences Journal 11: 604-609
- Shaker E, Mahmoud H & Mnaa S (2010). Silymarin, the antioxidant component and Silybum marianum extracts prevent liver damage. Food Chemistry and Toxicology 48: 803-806
- Shimizu N & Kobayashi K (1984). The reaction of superoxide radical with catalase. Mechanism of the inhibition of catalase by superoxide radical. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 4414-4418
- Soltani E, Kamkar B, Galeshi S & Akram Ghaderi F (2008). The effect of seed deterioration on seed reserves depletion and heterotrophic seedling growth
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 12, 2015 |
| Submission Date | November 6, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 21 Issue: 3 |
Cite
Journal of Agricultural Sciences is published open access journal. All articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).