Research Article

Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels

Volume: 2 Number: 2 December 31, 2020
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Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels

Abstract

Ethanol naturally occurs at different levels in some foodstuffs resulting from the plant metabolism or fermentation of carbohydrates. The ethanol content of foods produced by the plant metabolism is highly lower than that of ethanol level arisen from the fermentation. Due to being the end product of anaerobic alcoholic fermentation by yeast and lactic acid fermentation by heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, the foods subjected to both the alcoholic and lactic acid fermentations contain ethanol. Shalgam juice is a traditional Turkish beverage subjected to lactic acid fermentation. Although the main fermentation (lactic acid fermentation) progress via lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast also have a role in the production of both ethanol and flavor compounds in shalgam juice.

In this research, enrichment of shalgam juice in terms of polyphenolic compounds via grape pomace addition as a waste of fruit juice industry, evaluation of grape pomace as a value-added product, and determination of the change in ethanol content during the enrichment were aimed. Grape pomace was substituted with black carrot in the formulation and 9 different formulations were obtained according to the grape pomace-black carrot ratios. Fermentation took place at ambient temperature for 44 days, and ethanol content was determined by gas chromatography.

When taking into consideration the grape pomace and black carrot ratios, the lowest ethanol content (0.302 g/100 ml) was determined in the shalgam juice produced from the formulation containing only black carrot. As grape pomace ratio increased in the formulation, higher ethanol contents were found in the shalgam juices. And the highest value (1.048 g/100 ml) was observed in the shalgam juice containing only grape pomace. As a conclusion, the levels of ethanol in the samples containing 50% black grape pomace+50% black carrot and 25% black grape pomace+75% black carrot, which is appreciated and accepted by the consumers, were 0.832% and 0.463%, respectively. Both levels were below 1.2% specified in the relevant legal regulations; Therefore, it was shown in this study that black grape pomace could be used in Shalgam juice production without the need to write the alcohol level on the label.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Health Care Administration

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2020

Submission Date

December 8, 2020

Acceptance Date

December 30, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 2 Number: 2

APA
Akbulut, M., & Çoklar, H. (2020). Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels. Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle, 2(2), 109-115. https://izlik.org/JA92LE97FB
AMA
1.Akbulut M, Çoklar H. Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels. AP Halal Lifestyle. 2020;2(2):109-115. https://izlik.org/JA92LE97FB
Chicago
Akbulut, Mehmet, and Hacer Çoklar. 2020. “Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels”. Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle 2 (2): 109-15. https://izlik.org/JA92LE97FB.
EndNote
Akbulut M, Çoklar H (December 1, 2020) Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels. Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle 2 2 109–115.
IEEE
[1]M. Akbulut and H. Çoklar, “Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels”, AP Halal Lifestyle, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 109–115, Dec. 2020, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA92LE97FB
ISNAD
Akbulut, Mehmet - Çoklar, Hacer. “Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels”. Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle 2/2 (December 1, 2020): 109-115. https://izlik.org/JA92LE97FB.
JAMA
1.Akbulut M, Çoklar H. Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels. AP Halal Lifestyle. 2020;2:109–115.
MLA
Akbulut, Mehmet, and Hacer Çoklar. “Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels”. Academic Platform Journal of Halal Lifestyle, vol. 2, no. 2, Dec. 2020, pp. 109-15, https://izlik.org/JA92LE97FB.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Akbulut, Hacer Çoklar. Utilization of Black Grape Pomace in the Production of Shalgam Juice: Effect on the Ethyl Alcohol Levels. AP Halal Lifestyle [Internet]. 2020 Dec. 1;2(2):109-15. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA92LE97FB

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