Yenilebilir Mantarlar ve Biyoaktif Bileşenleri

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 40 - 45, 30.06.2024

Serdar Yeşil Gökhan Zengin Hacer Çoklar Mehmet Akbulut

https://doi.org/10.53569/apjhls.1505942

Abstract

Makromantarlar, Basidiomycota ve Ascomycota filumlarından oluşan büyük sporokarpları içeren bir grup mantarı ifade eder. Dünya genelinde yaklaşık 14.000 türü bulunan bu makromantarlar arasında 350'den fazla tür tüketilmektedir. Özellikle Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes ve Pleurotus spp. gibi mantarlar en çok yetiştirilen ve tüketilen türler arasındadır. Bu mantarlar, yüksek miktarda karbonhidrat, protein, mineral ve vitamin içeriğine sahiptir. Mantarlar, insanlar için önemli bir besin kaynağı olmasının yanı sıra, sağlık açısından da birçok faydaları vardır. Bu nedenle mantarlar, besleyici bileşenleri ve biyoaktif maddeleri sayesinde insanlar tarafından tüketilerek sağlıklı bir yaşam tarzının desteklenmesine katkıda bulunabilirler. Böylece mantarlar, inflamasyonu azaltabilir, bağırsak sağlığını iyileştirebilir, bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirebilir ve çeşitli hastalıkların riskini azaltabilir. Bu nedenle, insanlar tarafından hem gıda hem de tıbbi amaçlarla tüketilmektedir. Mantarlar, esansiyel amino asitler, B grubu vitaminleri, D vitamini ve önemli mineralleri içerir. Ayrıca, mantarlarda bulunan polisakkaritler, beta-glukanlar, proteinler, yağlar, fenolik bileşikler ve vitaminler gibi biyoaktif bileşenler, antifungal, antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antiinflamatuar, antikanser, antiviral, antitümör ve diğer sağlık yararlarına sahiptir. Özellikle polisakkaritler ve beta-glukanlar, mantarların sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinde önemli rol oynamaktadır.

Keywords

Mantar, gıda, biyoaktif bileşen, yenilebilir, sağlık

Edible Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Components

Abstract

Macrofungi refer to a group of fungi containing large sporocarps consisting of the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Among these macrofungi, which have approximately 14,000 species worldwide, more than 350 species are consumed. Especially mushrooms such as Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus spp. are among the most grown and consumed species. These mushrooms have a high content of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. In addition to being an important food source for humans, mushrooms also have many health benefits. Therefore mushrooms can be consumed by humans, contributing to the support of a healthy lifestyle, thanks to their nutritional components and bioactive substances. Thus, mushrooms can reduce inflammation, improve gut health, strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of various diseases. Therefore, it is consumed by humans for both food and medicinal purposes. Mushrooms contain essential amino acids, B group vitamins, vitamin D and some important minerals. Additionally, bioactive components such as polysaccharides, beta-glucans, proteins, fats, phenolic compounds, and vitamins found in mushrooms have antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antitumor, and other health benefits. In particular, polysaccharides and beta-glucans play an important role in the positive effects of mushrooms on health.

Keywords

Mushroom, food, bioactive compound, edible, health

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