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İSTİHDAM VE İŞSİZLİK AÇISINDAN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜYE ÜLKELERİ İLE TÜRKİYE’NİN ÇOK BOYUTLU ÖLÇEKLEME ANALİZİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 257 - 284, 31.10.2021

Abstract

Toplumun gereksinimi olan istihdamın sağlanması ülke kalkınması ve toplumun refahı açısından önem taşımaktadır. Ülkeler ekonomik, toplumsal ve bireysel sorunlara yol açan işsizliği gidermek için çözüm yolları aramaktadır. İstihdam ve işsizlik farklı boyutlarda ölçülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Çalışmada işsizliğin ve istihdamın ölçülmesinde toplam işsizlik, genç işsizlik, kadın işsizlik, üniversite mezunu işsizlik, uzun dönem işsizlik, işgücüne katılım ve istihdam oranı göstergeleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı işsizlik ve istihdam göstergelerine dayalı Avrupa Birliği üye ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin nasıl konumlanmış olduğunu belirlemek ve ülke konumlarını değerlendirmektir. İstihdam ve işsizlik göstergelerine ait veriler Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Teşkilatı ve Dünya Bankası veri tabanlarından alınmıştır. Ülkelerin konumlarının belirlenmesinde çok değişkenli istatistiksel analiz tekniklerinden biri olan çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizi uygulanmıştır. Çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizi sonucu Türkiye’nin AB üye ülkelerinden farklı bir yerde konumlandığı görülmüştür. İstihdam ve işsizlik göstergelerinde Türkiye’nin çoğu AB üye ülkelerinden daha olumsuz seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İstihdam olanaklarının arttırılması ve işsizliğin azaltılmasında başarı göstermiş ülkelerdeki gelişmelerin takip edilmesinin ve bu gelişmelerin hayata geçirilmesini sağlayacak politikaların uygulanmasının Türkiye için önemli olduğu belirtilmiştir.

References

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IN TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT EVALUATION OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES AND TURKEY WITH MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING ANALYSIS

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 257 - 284, 31.10.2021

Abstract

Providing employment that society needs is essential for the development of the country and the welfare of the society. Countries are looking for solution paths to eradicate unemployment that causes economic, social and individual problems. Employment and unemployment are tried to be measured in different dimensions. In the study, the indicators of total unemployment, youth unemployment, female unemployment, university graduate unemployment, long-term unemployment, labor force participation and employment rate were treated in measuring unemployment and employment. The aim of the study is to determine and evaluate how the European Union member states and Turkey are positioned based on unemployment and employment indicators. The aim of the study is to determine the position of the European Union member countries with Turkey based on employment and unemployment indicators and to evaluate the positions of the countries. Data on employment and unemployment indicators were gathered from The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Bank databases. Multidimensional scaling analysis, one of the multivariate statistical analysis techniques, was applied to determine the locations of the countries. As a result of multidimensional scaling analysis, it has been seen that Turkey is located in a different location than EU member countries. It has been determined that Turkey is at a more negative level than most EU member countries in terms of employment and unemployment indicators. It has been stated that it is important for Turkey to follow the developments in the countries that achieve success in increasing employment opportunities and reducing unemployment, and to implement policies to ensure the realization of these developments.

References

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  • Atasoy B. S. (2016). Female labour force participation in Turkey: The role of traditionalism. The European Journal of Development Research, 29(4), 675–706.
  • Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı (2019, Temmuz). T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı, Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri. https://www.ab.gov.tr/4.html
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  • Baah-Boateng, W. (2016). The youth unemployment challenge in Africa: What are the drivers?. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 27(4), 413-431.
  • Bal-Domańska, B. (2021, Ağustos 10). The impact of macroeconomic and structural factors on the unemployment of young women and men. Econ Change Restruct. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10644-021-09341-9.pdf
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  • Ding, C. S. (2018). Fundamentals of applied multidimensional scaling for educational and psychological research. Springer International Publishing.
  • Dixit, J. K., Tiwari, P., Gupta, S. K., Singh, P. ve Gupta, H. (2011, November 10-12). Educated unemployed: A challenge before sustainable education, sustainable manufacturing [Conference presentation]. Proc. of the International Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing: Issues, Trends and Practices (ICSM – 2011), BITS, Pilani, India. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236618066_Educated_Unemployed_A_Challenge_before_Sustainable_Education
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  • Erikli, S., ve Bayat, B. (2019). Üniversite mezunu uzun süreli genç işsizlerin eğitim ve çalışma yaşamı beklentisi: Ankara örneği. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 19(43), 297-331. Ernst, C., ve Berg, J. (2009). The Role of Employment and Labour Markets in the Fight against Poverty, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Employment–OECD, 41-67. https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/green-development/43514554.pdf adresinden Ağustos 8, 2021 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
  • Hall, R. E., Gordon, R. A., ve Holt, C. (1970). Why is the unemployment rate so high at full employment?. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1970(3), 369- 410.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., ve Anderson, R.E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hu, X., Liu, X. He, C. ve Dai, T. (2020). Education policies, pre-college human capital investment and educated unemployment. Journal of Economics, 129, 241–270.
  • International Labour Organization (2010). Global employment trends for youth: August 2010: Special issue on the impact of the global economic crisis on youth, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_elm/---trends/documents/publication/wcms_143349.pdf adresinden Ağustos 7, 2021 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
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  • International Labour Organization (2020). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2020, Technology and the future of jobs, Geneva, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_737648.pdf adresinden Ağustos 10, 2021 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
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  • International Labour Organization (2021b). The gender gap in employment: What's holding women back?. https://www.ilo.org/infostories/en-GB/Stories/Employment/barriers-women#unemployed-vulnerable adresinden Temmuz 1, 2021 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
  • Jobson, J.D. (1992). Applied multivariate data analysis. Springer Science+Business Media.
  • Johnson, R. A., ve Wichern, D. W. (1999). Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Prentice Hall.
  • Jones, L. (1989). Effect of unemployment on women. Affilia Journal, 4(4), 54–67.
  • Junankar, P. N. (2016). Economics of the labour market, unemployment and the costs of unemployment. Palgrave Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
  • Kaiballah, C. (2021). Economic Growth and Unemployment: An Empirical Assessment of Okun’s Law in the Case of Liberia. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3864474 adresinden Temmuz 25, 2021 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
  • Karaalp-Orhan, H. S. (2017). What are the trends in women’s labour force participation in Turkey?. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 303-312.
  • Karatepe S. G. (2017). Türkiye’de kadın işsizliğinin nedenleri: İstanbul’da eğitimli kadın işsizler üzerine bir alan araştırması [Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Kreishan, F. M. (2011). Economic growth and unemployment: An empirical analysis. Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 228-231.
  • Kruskal, J. B. (1964). Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika, 9(1), 1-27.
  • Lauterbach, A. (1977). Employment, unemployment and underemployment: A conceptual re-examination. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 36(3), 283-298.
  • Lewandowska-Gwarda, K. (2018). Female unemployment and its determinants in Poland in 2016 from the spatial perspective. Oeconomia Copernicana, 9(2), 183–204.
  • Lozano, M., ve Rentería, E. (2021). Trends in the length of long-term unemployment in Europe: An approach using working life tables, 2000-2018. https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/9c2jp/ adresinden Eylül 16, 2021 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
  • Maral, M., Yıldız, F. ve Alpaydın, Y. (2021). Türkiye’de yükseköğretim harcamaları ve genç işsizliği ilişkisi üzerine bir analiz. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 173-197.
  • Marelli, E., Choudhry, M. T., ve Signorelli, M. (2013). Youth and total unemployment rate: the impact of policies and institutions. Rivista Internazionale Di Scienze Sociali, 121(1), 63–86.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Aylin Alkaya 0000-0001-5932-5553

Publication Date October 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Alkaya, A. (2021). İSTİHDAM VE İŞSİZLİK AÇISINDAN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜYE ÜLKELERİ İLE TÜRKİYE’NİN ÇOK BOYUTLU ÖLÇEKLEME ANALİZİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(4), 257-284.