Research Article

How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and other Countries

Number: 26 April 1, 2025
EN TR

How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and other Countries

Abstract

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the effects of the “Shadow Dollar” on exchange rates and global trade. In particular, the paper compares the effects of the shadow dollar on Turkey and other economies. Structural challenges such as Turkey's external debt burden and trade deficit can exacerbate the economic effects of the shadow dollar. Moreover, in large economies such as China, a stronger dollar can often be beneficial for exporting sectors. While China may favor the dollar, the European Union and other advanced economies may be more resilient to exchange rate changes. The paper discusses the effects of these global dynamics on trade imbalances, foreign exchange markets and economic relations, and shows that each country responds differently depending on its economic structure. For countries like Turkey, exchange rate hikes create economic pressures, while large economies suffer less from such externalities. Finally, the study emphasizes that the effects of the shadow dollar on world trade and economic structure are an important factor shaping the future of global trade, as they differ according to countries' monetary policies and trade strategies

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Information About Ethics Committee Approval: Ethics committee approval was not required. Research And Publication Ethics Statement: The author declare that the ethical rules are followed in all preparation processes of this study. In the event of a contrary situation, the ASSAM International Refereed Journal has no responsibility and all responsibility belongs to the author of the study. Conflict Of Interest Statement: There is no conflict of interest among the author and/or any institution. Contribution Rate Statement: Hasan BARDAKÇI, have contributed to all parts and

References

  1. Akalin, G., & Prater, E. (2015). The Global Crisis of the Late 2000s and Currency Substitution: A Study of Three Eastern European Economies Russia, Turkey and Ukraine. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 4, 22 - 5. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcbtp-2015-0006.
  2. Boadway, R. (1975). Benefit-Cost Shadow Pricing in Open Economies: An Alternative Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 83, 419 - 430. https://doi.org/10.1086/260331.
  3. Caliskan, A., & Karimova, A. (2017). Global Liquidity, Current Account Deficit, and Exchange Rate Balance Sheet Effects in Turkey. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 53, 1619 - 1640. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2016.1216837
  4. Chao, C., & Yu, E. (1999). Shadow prices and trade restrictions in a monetary economy. Journal of Macroeconomics, 21, 755-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-0704(99)80005-6.
  5. Coquid'e, C., Lages, J., & Shepelyansky, D. (2022). Dollar-Yuan Battle in the World Trade Network. Entropy, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020373.
  6. Dafermos, Y., Gabor, D., & Michell, J. (2022). FX swaps, shadow banks and the global dollar footprint. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 55, 949 - 968. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221128302.
  7. Gnangnon, S. (2022). Do Aid for Trade Flows Help Reduce the Shadow Economy in Recipient Countries?. Economies. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10120310.
  8. Köksal, C., Işık, M., & Katircioğlu, S. (2020). The role of shadow economies in ecological footprint quality: empirical evidence from Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 13457-13466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07956-5.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

European and Region Studies, Political Science (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

March 24, 2025

Publication Date

April 1, 2025

Submission Date

November 28, 2024

Acceptance Date

February 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 26

APA
Bardakçı, H. (2025). How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and other Countries. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, 26, 29-35. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1593036
AMA
1.Bardakçı H. How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and other Countries. ASSAM-UHAD. 2025;(26):29-35. doi:10.58724/assam.1593036
Chicago
Bardakçı, Hasan. 2025. “How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and Other Countries”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, nos. 26: 29-35. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1593036.
EndNote
Bardakçı H (April 1, 2025) How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and other Countries. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi 26 29–35.
IEEE
[1]H. Bardakçı, “How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and other Countries”, ASSAM-UHAD, no. 26, pp. 29–35, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.58724/assam.1593036.
ISNAD
Bardakçı, Hasan. “How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and Other Countries”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi. 26 (April 1, 2025): 29-35. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1593036.
JAMA
1.Bardakçı H. How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and other Countries. ASSAM-UHAD. 2025;:29–35.
MLA
Bardakçı, Hasan. “How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and Other Countries”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, no. 26, Apr. 2025, pp. 29-35, doi:10.58724/assam.1593036.
Vancouver
1.Hasan Bardakçı. How Does the Shadow Dollar Affect International Trade and Global Economies? Discussion from the Perspective of Turkey and other Countries. ASSAM-UHAD. 2025 Apr. 1;(26):29-35. doi:10.58724/assam.1593036

ASSAM-UHAD is an internationally indexed peer-reviewed journal published in April and November.