KENTSEL ALANLARDA GÜVENLİK AÇIKLARININ ANALİZ EDİLMESİ: “KENTSEL GÜVENLİK BÖLÜNMESİ” İÇİN KAVRAMSAL ÇERÇEVE

Year 2019, ASSAM ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ DERGİ 13. ULUSLARARASI KAMU YÖNETİMİ SEMPOZYUMU BİLDİRİLERİ ÖZEL SAYISI, 169 - 179, 23.09.2019

Ahmet Barbak

Abstract

Bu
çalışma, kentsel alanlarda kamu güvenliği hizmetlerine farklı erişim seviyeleri
ve/veya etkili olmayan kamu güvenliği hizmeti sunumu nedeniyle ortaya çıkan güvenlik
boşluklarının analiz edilmesi için betimleyici bir kavram olarak kentsel güvenlik bölünmesi kavramını
önermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma açısından, kentsel güvenlik politikalarının
nihai amacı eşitsizlikleri ortadan kaldırmak için güvenlik açıklarını mümkün
olduğunda daraltmak olmalıdır. Şehir merkezini ve onu çevreleyen banliyöler ve
kasabalar gibi alanları içeren bir kentsel alanda farklı kentsel mekanlarda
yaşayanlar, farklı sosyoekonomik gruplar, topluluklar ve benzerleri arasında
güvenlik bölünmesi var olabilir. Kentsel güvenlik meseleleri, hızlı ve/veya
plansız kentleşme, artan yoksulluk ve eşitsizlikler, göç, organize suç ve
terörizm gibi toplumsal dayanışmanın ve insani güvenlik koşullarının
bozulmasına yol açan nedenlerle son otuz yılda Birleşmiş Milletlerin
sürdürülebilir kalkınma gündeminde öne çıkmıştır. BM’nin 2030 Sürdürülebilir
Kalkınma Gündemi genel olarak güvenlik ile kalkınmayı bibirleriyle
ilişkilendirirken Gündemin Amaç No. 11’i şehirlerin ve insan yerleşimlerinin
daha emniyetli hale getirilmesine özel olarak odanlanmaktadır. Avrupa Kentsel
Güvenlik Forumu da, 2017 yılında kentsel güvenlik politikalarının birlikte
üretimine ve güvenlik, demokrasi ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma arasındaki
karşılıklı bağımlılığa vurgu yaparak kentsel güvenliğe yönelik taahhütünü
yenilemiştir. Bu çalışma öncelikle, kentsel
güvenlik bölünmesi kavramını tanımlamakta ve güvenlik açıklarının analiz
edilmesi için bir ona ait bir kavramsal çerçeve geliştirmektedir. Daha sonra,
çalışma analitik bir araç olarak kentsel güvenlik bölünmesi kavramını
yöntembilimsel olarak tartışmakta ve araştırmacılar için sonuçlara yer
vermektedir.

Keywords

Kentsel Güvenlik Bölünmesi, Güvenlik Eşitsizlikleri, Güvenlik Sektörü Yönetişimi, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, Kavramsal Çerçeve

ANALYZING SECURITY GAPS AT URBAN AREAS: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR “URBAN SECURITY DIVIDE”

Abstract

This
study aims to propose urban security
divide as a descriptive concept to analyze security gaps at urban areas, arising
from varying levels of access to public security services and/or ineffective
provision of public security. In this context, the ultimate aim of urban
security policies should be to narrow security gaps as much as possible so as
to eliminate inequalities. In an urban area, which includes the city and its
surrounding areas such as towns and suburbs, security divide may exist between
those living at different urban spaces, between socioeconomic groups, and
between communities etc. Issues of urban security has come to forefront in the
last three decades within United Nations (UN) sustainable development agenda
due to rapid and/or unplanned urbanization, increasing poverty and inequalities,
migration, organized crime and terrorism, thus leading to deterioration of social
cohesion and human security conditions. While the UN 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development interrelates security and sustainable development in
general, the Goal 11 of it dedicates a particular focus on making cities and
human settlements safer. European Forum for Urban Security (EFUS) also renewed
its commitment to urban security in 2017, emphasizing the co-production of
urban security policies and interdependency between security, democracy and sustainable
development. Drawing upon pertinent literature and documents, the study first describes
urban security divide and develops a conceptual framework for it to analyze urban
security gaps. The study proceeds with methodological discussion of urban
security divide as an analytical tool and puts some conclusions for
researchers.

Keywords

Urban Security Divide, Security Inequalities, Security Sector Governance, Sustainable Development, Conceptual Framework

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