Motivasyon Kuramları Çerçevesinde Öğrencilerin Öğrenme Motivasyonlarının Arttırılması: Bir Derleme Çalışması

Year 2021, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 677 - 698, 24.05.2021

Samih Bayrakçeken , Özlem Oktay , Osman Samancı , Nurtaç Canpolat

Abstract

Bu çalışma ile motivasyon kavramı, öğrenmede düşük motivasyonun nedenleri ve çağdaş motivasyon kuramları incelenerek eğitici tecrübeleri ve motivasyon kuramlarına dayalı olarak öğrenme ortamında motivasyonu artırıcı birtakım strateji ve önerilerin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Motivasyon genel anlamda etkileşim, seçim yapma, inanç, değer gibi unsurlar içerir. Motivasyon, hedef ve bir eylem dahilinde davranışı başlatma, davranışı hedefe yönlendirme ve davranışı sürdürme aşamalarından oluşmaktadır. Öğrenme ortamlarında motivasyonun öneminin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için motivasyon kuramlarının incelenerek literatür ışığında tartışılması gereklidir. Bu araştırma kapsamında çağdaş motivasyon kuramları olarak ifade edilen, ilişkilendirme, beklenti-değer, öz yeterlik, hedef belirleme, özgür irade, sosyal bilişsel, öz düzenleme ve ARCS kuramları özetle incelenmiştir. Öğretim süreçlerinin öğrenci merkezli bir anlayışla planlanması, öğrencilerin duygularına değer verilmesi, öğrencilerin ilgi ve ihtiyaçlarının dikkate alınması, öğretimde bilgilendirici geri dönüt verilmesi, övgü, ödül ve aktif katılımı sağlayacak stratejilerin kullanılması ve eğitimde doğru ölçme değerlendirme süreçlerinin uygulanması gibi yaklaşımların öğrenme ortamında öğrencilerin motivasyonlarını artırmada önemli faktörler olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

motivasyon, öğrenme ortamları, motivasyon kuramları, öğrenci motivasyonunu arttırıcı yaklaşımlar

Increasing Students’ Academic Motivations within the Framework of Motivation Theories: A Review Study

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to examine the concept of motivation, the reasons for low motivation and contemporary motivation theories, and to present some strategies for increasing motivation based on instructional experiences and motivation theories. Motivation includes elements such as interaction, selection, belief, and value. Motivation consists of starting the behavior within the scope of the target and an action, directing the behavior to the goal and maintaining the behavior. To better understand the importance of motivation in learning, motivation theories should be examined in the light of the literature. Attribution, expectancy-value, self-efficacy, goal-setting, self-determination, social-cognitive, self-regulation, and ARCS theories were briefly examined. It has been observed that approaches such as planning teaching processes with a student-centered approach, valuing students' emotions, considering students' needs, giving informative feedback, using strategies that will ensure praise, reward and active participation, and implementing appropriate assessment strategies are important in increasing students' motivation. 

Keywords

Motivation, learning environments, motivation theories, approaches to increase student motivation

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