Aqhat Hikâyesi ve Hikâyedeki Ölüm Kavramı

Öz

Aqhat Hikâyesi, Ugarit din ve mitolojisine ait az sayıdaki edebî metinden biridir. Şiirsel yapısıyla Ugarit’in dinî ve toplumsal pratiklerini Aqhat’ın yaşamı üzerinden yansıtır. Anlatıda tanrılar–insanlar ilişkisi, insanî değerler ve toplumsal etik normları; erkek varis sorunu, cinsiyet rolleri, toplumsal statü, ata kültü, yay, avcılık, bereket, cinsellik, doğum, cinayet, ölüm ve dirilme temaları birlikte ele alınır. Aqhat’ın ölümü, kendisine verilen yayla bağlantılıdır; yay, Ugarit kültüründe statü ve toplumsal cinsiyet göstergesi olup avcılık ve cinsellikle ilişkilidir. Metin, ölüm ve ölümlülüğün çok katmanlı doğasını, toplumsal bellekteki yerini ve ritüel yansımalarını ortaya koyar. Çalışma, Ugarit çivi yazılı külliyatı ile Tevrat ve İncil gibi birincil kaynaklar ışığında hermenötik bir çözümleme sunarak, Aqhat hikâyesindeki ölüm/“ölümsüzlük” temasından hareketle Ugarit toplumunun konuya bakışını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ugarit
• Aqhat
• Anat
• Mitos
• Ritüel

The Tale of Aqhat and the Concept of Death in the Narrative

Abstract

The Tale of Aqhat is among the few extant literary texts of Ugaritic religion and mythology. With its poetic structure, it reflects Ugarit’s religious and social practices through Aqhat’s life. The narrative treats, in concert, relations between gods and humans, human values and social ethics; the male-heir problem, gender roles, social status, the ancestor cult, the bow, hunting, fertility, sexuality, birth, homicide, death, and revival. Aqhat’s death is linked to the bow given to him; in Ugaritic culture, the bow serves as a marker of status and gender and is closely associated with hunting and sexuality. The text elucidates the multilayered nature of death and mortality, their place in social memory, and their ritual expressions. Drawing on the Ugaritic cuneiform corpus and primary sources such as the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, this study offers a hermeneutic analysis and, through the theme of death/“immortality” in the Tale of Aqhat, aims to reconstruct Ugaritic perspectives on the subject.

Keywords

• Ugarit
• Aqhat
• Anat
• Myth
• Ritual

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