Araştırma Makalesi

Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922)

Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4 19 Eylül 2026
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Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922)

Öz

Studies of the history of the Turkish Republic have generally assessed the Turkish National Struggle through the rise of the Ankara-centred national movement, the dissolution of the Istanbul Government, and the trajectory of military and diplomatic success. Broadening this established framework, the present article examines the political positioning, claims to legitimacy, and approaches to political settlement of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha between 1919 and 1922 through the framework of historical empathy. It aims to examine the three historical figures’ own narratives, their representations of one another, and the ways in which they were assessed by British diplomatic observers within the crisis conditions of the period. To this end, Nutuk, Şahbaba, which contains memoirs and letters attributed to Vahdettin, the memoirs of Kâzım Karabekir and Rıza Nur, and relevant volumes of the 1919–1939 series of Documents on British Foreign Policy were examined through comparative documentary analysis. The analysis suggests that the transfer of power during the Turkish National Struggle did not take place solely between institutions; rather, it unfolded through competing forms of political reasoning shaped by founding action, symbolic waiting, and competing claims to legitimacy. In this respect, the study proposes that historical figures should be examined not solely through retrospective judgements of victory and defeat, but in relation to the possibilities and limitations of their own historical circumstances.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Akandere, O. & Polat, H. A. (2025). Damat Ferit Paşa hükümetlerinin Millî Mücadele karşıtı politikaları. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
  2. Akşin, S. (2010). İstanbul hükümetleri ve Millî Mücadele. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  3. Atatürk, K. (1973). Nutuk. Milli Eğitim Basımevi, Türk Devrim Tarihi Enstitüsü.
  4. Atatürk, M. K. (1973). Nutuk: Cilt III: Vesikalar. Türk Devrim Tarihi Enstitüsü, Millî Eğitim Basımevi.
  5. Atatürk, M. K. (1997). Atatürk’ün söylev ve demeçleri. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
  6. Atatürk, M. K. (2024). Atatürk’ün söylev ve demeçleri (Y. Özgen, Ed.; 1906–1921). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
  7. Bardakçı, M. (2006). Şahbaba: Osmanoğulları’nın son hükümdarı VI. Mehmed Vahideddin’in hayatı, hatıraları ve özel mektupları. İnkılâp Kitabevi.
  8. Baytok, T. (2007). İngiliz belgeleriyle Sevr’den Lozan’a. Doğan Kitap.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

19 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

3 Mayıs 2026

Kabul Tarihi

19 Eylül 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA
Elbay, S., & Kaya, E. (2026). Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922). Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, 13(4). https://izlik.org/JA29CN57TT
AMA
1.Elbay S, Kaya E. Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922). ATDD. 2026;13(4). https://izlik.org/JA29CN57TT
Chicago
Elbay, Sezgin, ve Erdoğan Kaya. 2026. “Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922)”. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi 13 (4). https://izlik.org/JA29CN57TT.
EndNote
Elbay S, Kaya E (01 Eylül 2026) Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922). Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi 13 4
IEEE
[1]S. Elbay ve E. Kaya, “Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922)”, ATDD, c. 13, sy 4, Eyl. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA29CN57TT
ISNAD
Elbay, Sezgin - Kaya, Erdoğan. “Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922)”. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi 13/4 (01 Eylül 2026). https://izlik.org/JA29CN57TT.
JAMA
1.Elbay S, Kaya E. Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922). ATDD. 2026;13. Available at https://izlik.org/JA29CN57TT.
MLA
Elbay, Sezgin, ve Erdoğan Kaya. “Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922)”. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, c. 13, sy 4, Eylül 2026, https://izlik.org/JA29CN57TT.
Vancouver
1.Sezgin Elbay, Erdoğan Kaya. Understanding Three Historical Figures through Historical Empathy: Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Sultan Vahdettin, and Damat Ferit Pasha during the Turkish National Struggle (1919–1922). ATDD [Internet]. 01 Eylül 2026;13(4). Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA29CN57TT

 

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