Fitness Dopingine Yönelik Psiko-Sosyal ve Sosyo-Kültürel Süreçleri Anlamak: Bir Meta-Sentez Çalışması

Abstract

Doping, sağlık üzerinde potansiyel riskler taşıması ve spor etiği ilkelerine uygun olmamasına rağmen rekabetçi spor ortamlarında karşılaşılan bir olgu olarak bilinmektedir. Fakat araştırmalar rekabetçi sporun dışında da gym/fitness/rekreasyonel spor ortamlarında kontrolsüz ve yoğun Performans Arttırıcı Madde (PES) kullanımının görüldüğünü ve topluma yayılmış bir doping riskini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, fiziksel egzersiz ortamlarındaki PES kullanımına yönelik psiko-sosyal ve sosyo-kültürel durumu literatür çerçevesinde anlamayı ve yorumlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Web of Science, Scopus ve Sportdiscus veri tabalarından önceden belirlenmiş dışlama ve dahil etme kriterleri temel alınarak dokuz nitel makale belirlenmiştir. Bu makaleler nitel araştırma istatistik programı Nvivo'da analiz edilmiş ve bulgular sentezlenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı kapsamında incelenen makalelerden önceden oluşturulan üst temalar altında şu temalar tespit edilmiştir: “Demografik değişim”, “cinsiyete dayalı direnç”, “hegemonik erkeklik”, “görünüm”, “teşvik”, “çıkış noktası”, “performans”, “kendini geliştirme”, “sosyal onay”, “erkek bedeni”, “eşcinsellik”, “sınırlamalar” ve “dönüşüm”. İnsan ve toplum sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olabilecek tüm madde ve yöntemlerin bu ortamlarda kullanımının uygun önlemlerle azaltılması veya engellenmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Performans geliştirme
• halk sağlığı
• rekreasyonel spor

Understanding Psychosocial and Socio-Cultural Processes Towards Fitness Doping: A Meta-Synthesis Study

Abstract

Research indicates that the unregulated and excessive utilisation of Performance Enhancing Substances (PES) is also prevalent in physical exercise contexts beyond the domain of competitive sports, thereby raising concerns about the potential for doping to permeate broader society. The objective of this study is to gain insight into and elucidate the psycho-social and socio-cultural context surrounding the utilisation of Performance Enhancing Substances (PES) in physical exercise settings, within the framework of existing literature. In this context, nine qualitative articles were selected based on predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria from the Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases. Subsequently, the articles were subjected to qualitative data analysis using the Nvivo research statistics programme, and the findings were synthesised. The following themes were identified from the articles examined: “Demographic change”, “gendered resistance”, “hegemonic masculinity”, “appearance”, “encouragement”, “exit point”, “performance”, “self-enhancement”, “social approval”, “the body of man”, “homosexuality”, “limitations” and “transformation”. It is recommended that the use of all substances and methods that may have negative effects on human and public health should be reduced or prevented in these environments with appropriate measures.

Keywords

• Performance enhancement
• public health
• recreational sport

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