Akıllı Şehir Uygulamaları Farkındalık Ölçeği Geliştirme ve Uygulama Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, akıllı şehir uygulamalarına yönelik olarak şehirde yaşayan farklı demografik özelliklere sahip bireylerin algılarını ölçmek amacıyla Akıllı Şehir Uygulamaları Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi ve akıllı şehir uygulamalarına ilişkin algının demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesidir. Ölçeğin geliştirilmesi sürecinde, Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) için 259 yetişkin bireyden oluşan birinci çalışma grubu, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) için ise 580 yetişkin bireyden oluşan ikinci çalışma grubu olmak üzere toplamda 839 katılımcıdan oluşan bir örneklem grubu oluşturulmuştur. Verilerin analizi JASP programı aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla AFA ve DFA uygulanmıştır. AFA, ölçeğin faktör yapısını belirlemek ve maddelerin hangi alt boyutlarla ilişkili olduğunu tespit etmek için kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen faktör yapısının doğrulanması amacıyla DFA gerçekleştirilmiş ve modelin uyum indeksleri değerlendirilmiştir. KMO değeri 0 ile 1 arasında değişmekte olup, 0,90 ve üzeri değerlerin "mükemmel" kabul edilmesi nedeniyle elde edilen sonuçlar analiz bulgularının güvenilirliğini desteklemektedir. Bartlett Küresellik Testi sonucunda (~χ² = 6542,77, sd = 377, p = .001) korelasyon matrisinin birim matris olmadığı ve değişkenler arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin tek boyutlu ve 29 maddeden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Güvenilirlik analizleri sonucunda McDonald’s ω (omega) katsayısı 0,97 ve Cronbach Alfa katsayısı 0,97 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu bulgular, geliştirilen ölçeğin yüksek düzeyde güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akıllı Şehir
• Farkındalık
• Ölçek Geliştirme
• Ölçek Uygulama

Smart City Applications Awareness Scale Development and Implementation Study

Öz

The aim of this study is to develop the Smart City Applications Scale to measure the perceptions of individuals with different demographic characteristics living in the city regarding smart city applications, and to determine whether the perception of smart city applications differs according to demographic variables. During the scale development process, the first study group for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) consisted of 259 adult individuals, while the second study group for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) consisted of 580 adult individuals, making a total sample size of 839 participants. Data analysis was conducted using the JASP program. In the study, EFA and CFA were applied to evaluate the construct validity of the scale. EFA was used to identify the factor structure of the scale and to determine which subdimensions the items were associated with. To confirm the obtained factor structure, CFA was conducted, and the model fit indices were evaluated. The KMO value, ranging from 0 to 1, supports the reliability of the analysis findings, as values above 0.90 are considered "excellent." The Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (~χ² = 6542.77, sd = 377, p = .001) indicated that the correlation matrix was not an identity matrix, and significant relationships between the variables were found. It was determined that the scale is unidimensional and consists of 29 items. Reliability analyses revealed a McDonald’s ω (omega) coefficient of 0.97 and a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.97. These findings demonstrate that the developed scale is a highly reliable and valid measurement tool.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Smart City
• Awareness
• Scale Development
• Scale Application

Kaynakça

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