Review

The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte as an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups

Volume: 10 Number: 2 July 4, 2026
TR EN

The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte as an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups

Abstract

Traditionally prepared through a labor-intensive hand-kneading process and embedded in religious, social, and gendered practices, çiğ köfte was historically a symbolic food with clearly defined social boundaries, until recent decades. Changing economic structures combined with large-scale internal migration to transform the role of çiğ köfte in Turkish society; it moved from domestic rituals onto the streets of urban centres as fast-food culture. The removal of raw meat intervention as well as its subsequent legal codification by 2008 government regulation increased the shelf-life of çiğ köfte and facilitated its standardization, commodification, replication through franchising thus aligning it further with industrialized fast-food logics and broader processes of McDonaldization. In this article, I examine how a ritualistic’ meat-based regional dish changed into a vegan product that is not only consumed by low-income groups en masse in Turkey but also serve those who identify as part of the global movements such as vegans.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Cultural Studies of Agriculture, Food and Beverage

Journal Section

Review

Publication Date

July 4, 2026

Submission Date

December 2, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 2

APA
Çelik, S. (2026). The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte as an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups. Aydın Gastronomy, 10(2), 585-600. https://izlik.org/JA97CB72JF
AMA
1.Çelik S. The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte as an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups. A-GASTRO. 2026;10(2):585-600. https://izlik.org/JA97CB72JF
Chicago
Çelik, Serkan. 2026. “The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte As an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups”. Aydın Gastronomy 10 (2): 585-600. https://izlik.org/JA97CB72JF.
EndNote
Çelik S (July 1, 2026) The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte as an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups. Aydın Gastronomy 10 2 585–600.
IEEE
[1]S. Çelik, “The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte as an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups”, A-GASTRO, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 585–600, July 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA97CB72JF
ISNAD
Çelik, Serkan. “The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte As an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups”. Aydın Gastronomy 10/2 (July 1, 2026): 585-600. https://izlik.org/JA97CB72JF.
JAMA
1.Çelik S. The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte as an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups. A-GASTRO. 2026;10:585–600.
MLA
Çelik, Serkan. “The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte As an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups”. Aydın Gastronomy, vol. 10, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 585-00, https://izlik.org/JA97CB72JF.
Vancouver
1.Serkan Çelik. The Meatless Revolution: Çiğ Köfte as an Affordable Survival Food for Working-Class and Low-Income Groups. A-GASTRO [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 1;10(2):585-600. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA97CB72JF

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