TR
EN
Change in water activity of some Turkish hazelnut cultivars at different moistures and temperatures
Abstract
Objective: Observation of the changes in water activity values of some Turkish hazelnut cultivars at different moisture levels (ML) at varying ambient temperatures. Thus, especially in hazelnut storage and transfer processes, regulations regarding the protection of the quality of the product under changing humidity and temperature conditions are foreseen. Materials and Methods: In this study, water activity (aw) of Tombul, Palaz, Çakıldak and Kalınkara hazelnuts were determined at different ML (2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 12%) and different temperatures (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30°C). Regression equations were generated to estimate aw values of hazelnuts with a known moisture at different ambient temperatures. Results: Considering the entire temperatures, it was observed that a unit (1%) increase in moisture yielded 0.055 - 0.062 unit increases in Çakıldak cultivar, 0.052 - 0.055 unit increases in Palaz cultivar, 0.047 - 0.050 unit increases in Tombul cultivar and 0.047 - 0.048 unit increases in Kalınkara cultivar. Different aw values were observed at the same ML of the cultivars and generally the aw values were tended to increase with increasing temperatures. Conclusion: It was concluded that water activity influenced several quality parameters (color, lipid oxidation and etc.). Present findings revealed that hazelnut cultivars with the same moisture levels might have different water activity values. The fact that the varieties at the same ML have different water activity values indicates that it will be more objective to use the water activity value in storage or shelf life studies. In the calculations made using the obtained formula, it was seen that Palaz and Kalınkara (at the same ML) cultivars had higher aw values than the other two cultivars. For this reason, it is thought that storing Palaz and Kalınkara separately from Tombul and Çakıldak cultivars may reduce the possible risks.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Scientific Research Projects Department of Ordu University
Project Number
AR-1652
Thanks
The author would like to thank Prof. Dr. Saim Zeki BOSTAN for academic support and Agriculture Engineer Saliç SOLMAZ for laboratory analysis.
References
- Akçin, Y., Bostan, & S.Z. (2019). Farklı sulama programlarının ‘Tombul’ fındık çeşidinde depolama süresince su aktivitesine etkisi. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 5(2), 308-313 (in Turkish).
- Arrus, K., Blank, G., Abramson, D., Clear, R., & Holley, R.A. (2005). Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus in Brazil nuts. J. Stored Prod. Res., 41,513–527. doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2004.07.005.
- Beuchat, L.R. 1983. Influence of water activity on growth, metabolic activities and survival of yeasts and molds. J. Food Prot., 46(2),135–141. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X-46.2.135.
- Bhatnagar, D., Cary, J.W., Ehrlich, K., Yu, J., & Cleveland, T.E. 2006. Understanding the genetics of regulation of aflatoxin production and Aspergillus flavus development. Mycopathologica, 162, 155-166. doi: 10.1007/s11046-006-0050-9.
- Cavaletto, C.G., Dela, Cruz, A., Ross, E., & Yamamoto, H.Y. 1966. Factors affecting macadamia nut stability. Chicago.
- FAO, 2019. FAOSTAT (online). Website http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Accesed 28/01/2021).
- Gabriel, A.A. 2008. Estimation of water activity from pH and °Brix values of some food products. Food Chem., 108, 1106–1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007. 11.077.
- Gallo, A., Solfrizzo, M., Epifani, F., Panzari, G., & Perrone, G. 2016. Effect of temperature and water activity on gene expression and aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus on almon medium. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 217,162-169.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Horticultural Production
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
July 31, 2022
Submission Date
September 2, 2021
Acceptance Date
January 24, 2022
Published in Issue
Year 2022 Volume: 11 Number: 1
APA
Koç Güler, S. (2022). Change in water activity of some Turkish hazelnut cultivars at different moistures and temperatures. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 11(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.990026