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Lise dönemindeki ergenler “iyi arkadaş” ve “kötü arkadaşı” nasıl tanımlar?

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 18 - 34, 28.06.2021

Abstract

This qualitative study aimed to examine the perceptions of high school adolescents about “good friends” and “bad friends”, and to classify their perceptions under inclusive themes. Data were collected from 126 high school students. As a result of the inductive thematic analyses of the interviews, three major binary themes emerged: “Reliable versus Unreliable”, “Foul-weather friend” versus “Fair-weather friend”, and “Empathetic versus Callous”. As a result, it was asserted that a good friend is characterized with reliability in not lying you and keeping you away from dangers, with a sound support when you are in need, and finally with a feeling of emotional intimacy. A bad friend is characterized with unreliability in lying to you and with a potential risk of endangering you, with no support when you are in need, and with a feeling of emotional distance from you. Practical suggestions were given to practitioners within the framework of the findings.

References

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  • Agnor, C. J. (2009). A proposed model of friendship quality and attachment in preschool children (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3360141).
  • Akın, A., and Akın, Ü. (2015). Friendship quality and subjective happiness: The mediator role of subjective vitality. Education and Science, 40(177), 233-242. doi:10.15390/EB.2015.3786.
  • Asher, S. R., and Parker, J. G. (1988). Signifance of peer relationship problems in childhood. In B. H. Schneider, G. Attili, J. Nadel and R. P. Weissberg (Ed.), Social competence in develpomental perspective (pp.5-23). USA Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher.
  • Avcı, M. (2006). Ergenlikte toplumsal uyum sorunları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (1), 39-64.
  • Baril, H., Julien, D., Chartrand, E., and Dube, B. (2009). Females’ quality of relationships in adolescence and Friendship support in adulthood. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 41(3), 161-168. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0015313
  • Bayhan, P., and Işıtan, S. (2010). Relationshpis in adolescence: A genelar view of peer and romantic relationships. Family and Society,11(5), 33-44.
  • Bazeley, P., and Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. London: Sage Publications Limited.
  • Berndt, T. J. (1989). Obtaining support from friends during childhood and adolescence. In D. Bell (Ed.), Children's Social Networks and Social Supports (pp.308-331). Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Berndt, T. J. (1992). Friendship and friends' influence in adolescence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(5), 156-159. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-8721.ep11510326
  • Berndt, T. J. (1999). The dark side of friendship: Questions about negative interactions between friends. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED436271.pdf
  • Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(1), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-8721.00157
  • Berndt, T. J., and Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents' adjustment to school. Child Development, 66(5), 1312-1329. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/1131649
  • Boneva, B. S., Quinn, A., Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., and Shklovski, I. (2006). Teenage communication in the Instant Messaging Era. In R. Kraut., M. Brynin., and S. Kiesler (Ed.), Computers, Phones, and the Internet: Domesticating Information Technology (pp.201-218). Oxford:University Press Oxford.
  • Braun, V., and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3,77- 101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Buhrmester, D. (1990). Intimacy of friendship, interpersonal competence, and adjustment during preadolescence and adolescence. Child Development, 61(4), 1101-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02844.x
  • Bukowski, W. M. (2001). Friendship and the worlds of childhood. In D. W. Nangle and C. A. Erdley (Ed.), New directions for child and adolescent development (pp.93-105). San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
  • Bukowski, W. M., and Hoza, B. (1989). Popularity and friendship: Issues in theory, measurement, and outcome. In T. J. Berndt and G. W. Ladd (Ed.), Peer relationships in child development (pp.15–45). New York: Wiley.
  • Bukowski, W. M., Laursen, B., and Hoza, B. (2010). The snowball effect: Friendship moderates escalations in depressed affect among avoidant and excluded children. Development and Psychopathology, 22(4), 749- 757. doi:10.1017/S095457941000043X.
  • Burgess, K. B., Wojslawowicz, J. C., Rubin, K. H., Rose-Krasnor, L., and Booth-LaForce, C. (2006). Social information processing and coping strategies of shy/withdrawn and aggressive children: Does friendship matter? Child Development, 77(2), 371-383. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8624.2006.00876.x
  • Burk, W. J., and Laursen, B. (2005). Adolescent perceptions of friendship and their associations with individual adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(2), 156-164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F01650250444000342.
  • Büyükşahin-Çevik, G., and Atıcı, M. (2008). An investigation of third graders? Friendship charecteristics and their self-esteem regarding of some variable at secondary schools. Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, 17(2), 35-50. https://dergipark.org.tr/download/article-file/50436.
  • Chow, W. Y. (2008). The role of friendship on adolescent mental health problems (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3319072)
  • Cohen, A. B. (2008). The best friendships of young adolescents: the role of internalizing symptoms, characteristics charact of friends, friendship quality, and observed disclosure (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3307762 )
  • Connolly, J. A., and Johnson, A. M. (1996). Adolescents' romantic relationships and the structure and quality of their close interpersonal ties. Personal Relationships, 3(2), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00111.x.
  • Dickson, D. J., Marion, D., and Laursen, B. (2018). Externalizing symptoms anticipate declining support and increasing negativity between adolescent friends. Infant and Child Development, 27(6), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2109
  • Dielh, D. S., Lemerise, E. A., Caverly, A., Ramsay, S. L., and Roberts, J. (1998). Peer relations and school adjustment in ungraded primary children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 9(3), 506-515. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0663.90.3.506.
  • Dilmaç, B. (1999). Instruction human value program and evaluating it using moral maturity inventory. (Master’s thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul.
  • Erdem, G., Eke, C. Y., Ögel, K., and Taner, S. (2006). Peer characteristics and substance use among high school students. Journal of Dependence, 7(3), 111-116. http://ogelk.net/makale/arkadas_ozellik.pdf
  • Epstein, J. L. (1986). Friendship selection: Developmental and environmental influences. In E. C. Mueller. and C. R. Cooper (Ed.), Process and outcome in peer relationships (pp. 129–160). Orlando, FL: Academic Press Inc.
  • Erdley, C. A., Nangle, D. W., Newman, J. E., and Carpenter, E. M. (2001). Children’s friendship experiences and psychological adjustment: Theory and research. In D. W. Nangle and C. A. Erdley (Ed.), New directions for child and adolescent development (pp.5-25). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W.W: Norton Company, Inc.
  • Furman, W., and Robbins, P. (1985). What’s the point? Issues in the selection of treatment objectives. In B.
  • Schneider, K. Rubin, and J. Leddingham (Ed.), Children’s relations: Issues in assessment and intervention (pp. 41–54). New York: Springer.
  • Giffin, K., and Patton, B. R. (1997). Basic readings in interpersonal communication. New York: Harper-Row.
  • Greco, S., Holmes, M., & McKenzie, J. (2015). Friendship and happiness from a sociological perspective. In M. Demir (Ed.), Friendship and happiness (pp. 19-35). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Gündoğdu, R. (2003). The views of third, forth and fifth grade primary school students on frıendship and the factors influence on their choice of friends (Master’s thesis). Çukurova University, Adana.
  • Gürol, T. D., and Uzman, M. O. (2008). Adolescents at risk for substance abuse. İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri Sempozyum Dizisi,63, 65-68
  • Hartup, W. W. (1989). Social relationships and their significance. American Psychologists, 44(2), 120-126. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.120
  • Hartup, W. W. (1996). The company they keep: Friendships and their developmental significance. Child Development, 67(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01714.x
  • Hartup, W. W., and Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 355-370. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.355
  • Hays, R. B. (1988). Friendship. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research, and interventions (pp. 391-408). New York: Wiley.
  • Heiman, T. (2000). Friendship quality among children in three educational settings. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 25(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/132697800112749
  • Hortaçsu, N. (1997). Human relations, Ankara: İmge Bookstore.
  • Jose, P. E. (2015). How are positive and negative peer relations related to positive and negative affect in adolescents over time in New Zealand?. In M. Demir (Ed.). Friendship and happiness (pp. 275-289). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1984). Socialization in traditional society: A challenge to psychology. International Journal of Psychology, 19, 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207598408247522
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A. (2014). Socialization and moral development in adolescence: Adolescent Psychology. (16nd.). İstanbul: Remzi Bookstore.
  • Ladd, G. N., Konchenderfer, B. J., and Colomen, C. C. (1996). Friendship quality as a predictor of young children’s early school adjustment. Child Development, 67(3), 1103-1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01785.x
  • Lemerise, E. A., and Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Development, 71(1), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00124
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Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 18 - 34, 28.06.2021

Abstract

References

  • Adams, G., and Plaut, V. C. (2003). The cultural grounding of personal relationship: Friendship in North American and West African worlds. Personal Relationships, 10(3), 333-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00053.
  • Agnor, C. J. (2009). A proposed model of friendship quality and attachment in preschool children (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3360141).
  • Akın, A., and Akın, Ü. (2015). Friendship quality and subjective happiness: The mediator role of subjective vitality. Education and Science, 40(177), 233-242. doi:10.15390/EB.2015.3786.
  • Asher, S. R., and Parker, J. G. (1988). Signifance of peer relationship problems in childhood. In B. H. Schneider, G. Attili, J. Nadel and R. P. Weissberg (Ed.), Social competence in develpomental perspective (pp.5-23). USA Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher.
  • Avcı, M. (2006). Ergenlikte toplumsal uyum sorunları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (1), 39-64.
  • Baril, H., Julien, D., Chartrand, E., and Dube, B. (2009). Females’ quality of relationships in adolescence and Friendship support in adulthood. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 41(3), 161-168. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0015313
  • Bayhan, P., and Işıtan, S. (2010). Relationshpis in adolescence: A genelar view of peer and romantic relationships. Family and Society,11(5), 33-44.
  • Bazeley, P., and Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. London: Sage Publications Limited.
  • Berndt, T. J. (1989). Obtaining support from friends during childhood and adolescence. In D. Bell (Ed.), Children's Social Networks and Social Supports (pp.308-331). Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Berndt, T. J. (1992). Friendship and friends' influence in adolescence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(5), 156-159. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-8721.ep11510326
  • Berndt, T. J. (1999). The dark side of friendship: Questions about negative interactions between friends. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED436271.pdf
  • Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(1), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-8721.00157
  • Berndt, T. J., and Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents' adjustment to school. Child Development, 66(5), 1312-1329. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/1131649
  • Boneva, B. S., Quinn, A., Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., and Shklovski, I. (2006). Teenage communication in the Instant Messaging Era. In R. Kraut., M. Brynin., and S. Kiesler (Ed.), Computers, Phones, and the Internet: Domesticating Information Technology (pp.201-218). Oxford:University Press Oxford.
  • Braun, V., and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3,77- 101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Buhrmester, D. (1990). Intimacy of friendship, interpersonal competence, and adjustment during preadolescence and adolescence. Child Development, 61(4), 1101-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02844.x
  • Bukowski, W. M. (2001). Friendship and the worlds of childhood. In D. W. Nangle and C. A. Erdley (Ed.), New directions for child and adolescent development (pp.93-105). San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
  • Bukowski, W. M., and Hoza, B. (1989). Popularity and friendship: Issues in theory, measurement, and outcome. In T. J. Berndt and G. W. Ladd (Ed.), Peer relationships in child development (pp.15–45). New York: Wiley.
  • Bukowski, W. M., Laursen, B., and Hoza, B. (2010). The snowball effect: Friendship moderates escalations in depressed affect among avoidant and excluded children. Development and Psychopathology, 22(4), 749- 757. doi:10.1017/S095457941000043X.
  • Burgess, K. B., Wojslawowicz, J. C., Rubin, K. H., Rose-Krasnor, L., and Booth-LaForce, C. (2006). Social information processing and coping strategies of shy/withdrawn and aggressive children: Does friendship matter? Child Development, 77(2), 371-383. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8624.2006.00876.x
  • Burk, W. J., and Laursen, B. (2005). Adolescent perceptions of friendship and their associations with individual adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(2), 156-164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F01650250444000342.
  • Büyükşahin-Çevik, G., and Atıcı, M. (2008). An investigation of third graders? Friendship charecteristics and their self-esteem regarding of some variable at secondary schools. Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, 17(2), 35-50. https://dergipark.org.tr/download/article-file/50436.
  • Chow, W. Y. (2008). The role of friendship on adolescent mental health problems (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3319072)
  • Cohen, A. B. (2008). The best friendships of young adolescents: the role of internalizing symptoms, characteristics charact of friends, friendship quality, and observed disclosure (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3307762 )
  • Connolly, J. A., and Johnson, A. M. (1996). Adolescents' romantic relationships and the structure and quality of their close interpersonal ties. Personal Relationships, 3(2), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00111.x.
  • Dickson, D. J., Marion, D., and Laursen, B. (2018). Externalizing symptoms anticipate declining support and increasing negativity between adolescent friends. Infant and Child Development, 27(6), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2109
  • Dielh, D. S., Lemerise, E. A., Caverly, A., Ramsay, S. L., and Roberts, J. (1998). Peer relations and school adjustment in ungraded primary children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 9(3), 506-515. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0663.90.3.506.
  • Dilmaç, B. (1999). Instruction human value program and evaluating it using moral maturity inventory. (Master’s thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul.
  • Erdem, G., Eke, C. Y., Ögel, K., and Taner, S. (2006). Peer characteristics and substance use among high school students. Journal of Dependence, 7(3), 111-116. http://ogelk.net/makale/arkadas_ozellik.pdf
  • Epstein, J. L. (1986). Friendship selection: Developmental and environmental influences. In E. C. Mueller. and C. R. Cooper (Ed.), Process and outcome in peer relationships (pp. 129–160). Orlando, FL: Academic Press Inc.
  • Erdley, C. A., Nangle, D. W., Newman, J. E., and Carpenter, E. M. (2001). Children’s friendship experiences and psychological adjustment: Theory and research. In D. W. Nangle and C. A. Erdley (Ed.), New directions for child and adolescent development (pp.5-25). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W.W: Norton Company, Inc.
  • Furman, W., and Robbins, P. (1985). What’s the point? Issues in the selection of treatment objectives. In B.
  • Schneider, K. Rubin, and J. Leddingham (Ed.), Children’s relations: Issues in assessment and intervention (pp. 41–54). New York: Springer.
  • Giffin, K., and Patton, B. R. (1997). Basic readings in interpersonal communication. New York: Harper-Row.
  • Greco, S., Holmes, M., & McKenzie, J. (2015). Friendship and happiness from a sociological perspective. In M. Demir (Ed.), Friendship and happiness (pp. 19-35). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Gündoğdu, R. (2003). The views of third, forth and fifth grade primary school students on frıendship and the factors influence on their choice of friends (Master’s thesis). Çukurova University, Adana.
  • Gürol, T. D., and Uzman, M. O. (2008). Adolescents at risk for substance abuse. İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri Sempozyum Dizisi,63, 65-68
  • Hartup, W. W. (1989). Social relationships and their significance. American Psychologists, 44(2), 120-126. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.120
  • Hartup, W. W. (1996). The company they keep: Friendships and their developmental significance. Child Development, 67(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01714.x
  • Hartup, W. W., and Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 355-370. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.355
  • Hays, R. B. (1988). Friendship. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research, and interventions (pp. 391-408). New York: Wiley.
  • Heiman, T. (2000). Friendship quality among children in three educational settings. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 25(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/132697800112749
  • Hortaçsu, N. (1997). Human relations, Ankara: İmge Bookstore.
  • Jose, P. E. (2015). How are positive and negative peer relations related to positive and negative affect in adolescents over time in New Zealand?. In M. Demir (Ed.). Friendship and happiness (pp. 275-289). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1984). Socialization in traditional society: A challenge to psychology. International Journal of Psychology, 19, 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207598408247522
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A. (2014). Socialization and moral development in adolescence: Adolescent Psychology. (16nd.). İstanbul: Remzi Bookstore.
  • Ladd, G. N., Konchenderfer, B. J., and Colomen, C. C. (1996). Friendship quality as a predictor of young children’s early school adjustment. Child Development, 67(3), 1103-1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01785.x
  • Lemerise, E. A., and Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Development, 71(1), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00124
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There are 76 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nilgün Öztürk 0000-0003-2593-9076

Abdullah Atli 0000-0001-7504-484X

Süleyman Nihat Şad 0000-0002-3169-2375

Publication Date June 28, 2021
Submission Date November 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öztürk, N., Atli, A., & Şad, S. N. (2021). Lise dönemindeki ergenler “iyi arkadaş” ve “kötü arkadaşı” nasıl tanımlar?. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 18-34.