Beauty Seedless ve Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi Üzüm Çeşitlerinde (Vitis vinifera L.) Salkım Seyreltme ve Yaprak Almanın Antosiyanin Birikimi ve Kabuk Renk Özelliklerine Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 47 Issue: (Özel Sayı 1) Türkiye 9. Bağcılık ve Teknolojileri Sempozyumu, 569 - 574, 28.06.2018

Sevil Cantürk , Birhan Kunter

Abstract

Yaprak alma ve salkım seyreltme uygulamaları, sofralık üzümlerde ürün miktarının düzenlenmesi ve ürün kalitesinin artırılmasında başvurulan bağcılık uygulamalarıdır. Bu çalışmada, salkım seyreltme ve yaprak almanın Beauty Seedless ve Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi üzüm çeşitlerinde antosiyanin birikimi ve kabuk renk özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Uygulamalar tane tutumu ve ben düşme olmak üzere iki fenolojik dönemde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürgünde dipten itibaren ilk salkıma kadar olan yapraklar ve yetersiz tane tutumuna sahip salkımlar alınmıştır. Çalışmada toplam antosiyanin miktarı pH farklılığına dayalı spektrofotometrik yöntem ile belirlenmiştir. Tane kabuk rengi CIELab renk sistemine göre L*, a*, b* renk düzleminde değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, uygulamalar her iki üzüm çeşidinde toplam antosiyanin konsantrasyonu ve renk yoğunluğunu olumlu etkilemiştir. Antosiyanin miktarı Beauty Seedless’te 512.93-626.44 mg.kg⁻¹ arasında, tane kabuğu CIRG indeksi 6.74-6.98 arasında değişmiştir. Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi’nde ise antosiyanin miktarına ait bulgular 81.43-99.06 mg.kg⁻¹ arasında değişim gösterirken, CIRG indeksi 5.16-5.46 arasında değişmiştir.

Keywords

Sofralık üzüm , salkım seyreltme , yaprak alma , antosiyanin , CIRG

Effects of Cluster Thinning and Leaf Removal on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Berry Skin Color Properties of Beauty Seedless and Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi Grape Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

Abstract

Cluster thinning and leaf removal are viticultural techniques that control yield and improve grape quality in table grapes. In this study, we aimed the effects of cluster thinning and leaf removal on anthocyanin accumulation and berry skin color characteristics in Beauty Seedless and Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi grape cultivars. Treatments were performed at two phenological stages, one berry set, and the other veraison. Basal leaves until the first cluster on each shoot and clusters with poor berry set were manually removed. Total anthocyanin concentration was determined spectrophotometrically according to pH differential method. Berry skin color was assessed with L*, a*, b* color space based on CIE Lab color system. According to the findings, treatments increased the concentration of anthocyanin and improved color intensity in both grape varieties. Total anthocyanin content of Beauty Seedless ranged from 512.93 to 626.44 mg.kg⁻¹, while berry skin CIRG index ranged from 6.74 to 6.98. The results of anthocyanin content and CIRG index value in Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi ranged from 81.43 to 99.06 mg.kg⁻¹ and from 5.16 to 5.46 respectively.

Keywords

Table grape , cluster thinning , leaf removal , anthocyanin , CIRG

References

• Bergqvist, J., N. Dokoozlian, and N. Ebisuda, 2001. Sunlight Exposure and Temperature Effects on Berry Growth and Composition of Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache in the Central San Joaquin Valley of California. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 52(1): 1-7.
• Carreño, J.A., A. Martínez, L. Almela and J.A. Fernández-López, 1996. Measuring the Color of Table Grapes. Color Research and Application 21(1): 50-54.
• Dokoozlian, N.K. and W.M. Kliewer, 1996. Influence of Light on Grape Berry Growth and Composition Varies During Fruit Development. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121: 869-874.
• Downey, M.O., N.K. Dokoozlian and M. Krstic, 2006. Cultural Practice and Environmental Impacts on the Flavonoid Composition of Grapes and Wine: A Review of Recent Research. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 3: 257-268.
• Gao, Y. and G.A. Cahoon, 1998. Cluster Thinning Effects on Fruit Weight, Juice Quality, and Fruit Skin Characteristics in ‘Reliance’ Grapes. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Research Circular; 299: 87-93.
• Giusti, M.M. and R.E. Wrolstad, 2001. Unit F1.2: Anthocyanins. Characterization and Measurement with UV-Visible Spectroscopy. p: 1-13. In R.E. Wrolstad (ed.) Current Protocols in Food Anal. Che. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
• Guidoni, S., P. Allara and A. Schubert, 2002. Effect of Cluster Thinning on Berry Skin Anthocyanin Composition of V. vinifera cv. Nebbiolo. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 53: 224-226.
• Jackson, D.I and P.B. Lombard, 1993. Environmental and Management Practices Affecting Grape Composition and Wine Quality A Review. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 44(4): 409-430.
• Kamiloğlu, Ö., 2011. Influence of Some Cultural Practices on Yield, Fruit Quality and Individual Anthocyanins of Table Grape cv. Horoz Karası. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 21(2): 240-245.
• Kök, D., 2016. Variation in Total Phenolic Compounds, Anthocyanin and Monoterpene Content of ‘Muscat Hamburg’ Table Grape Variety (V. vinifera L.) as Affected by Cluster Thinning and Early and Late Period Basal Leaf Removal Treatments. Erwerbs Obstbau 58(4): 241-246.
• Özer, C., A.S. Yaşasın, O. Ergönül and S. Aydin, 2012. The Effects of Berry Thinning and Gibberellin on “Reçel Üzümü” Table Grapes. Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 49(2): 105-112.
• Sabır, A., H. Bilir ve S. Tangolar, 2010. Bazı Yaz Budaması Uygulamalarının Çekirdeksiz Üzümlerde Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkileri. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 24(3): 4-8.
• Smart, R.E., J.K. Dick, I.M. Gravett and B.M. Fisher, 1990. Canopy Management to Improve Grape Yield and Wine Quality Principles and Practices. S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic. 11(1): 3-17.
• Sun, Q., G.L. Sacks, S.D. Lerch and J.E. Vanden Heuvel, 2012. Impact of Shoot and Cluster Thinning On Yield, Fruit Composition, and Wine Quality of Corot Noir. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 63(1): 49-56.
• Tardaguila, J., J.A. Blanco, A. Poni and M.P. Diago, 2012. Mechanical Yield Regulation in Wine Grapes: Comparison of Early Defoliation and Crop Thinning. Aust. J. Grape and Wine Res. 18: 344-352.
• Teixeira, A., J. Eiras Dias, S.D. Castellarin and H. Gerós, 2013. Berry Phenolics of Grapevine under Challenging Environments Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14: 18711-18739.
• Vance, A.J., 2012. Impacts of Crop Level and Vine Vigor on Vine Balance and Fruit Composition in Oregon Pinot Noir. Master thesis, Oregon State University.