Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics
• Plagiarism: Presenting the original ideas, methods, data, or works of others as one's own, either partially or entirely, without proper citation in accordance with scientific rules.
• Fabrication: Using data that does not actually exist or has been falsified in scientific research.
• Distortion: Altering research records or obtained data, presenting equipment or materials not used in the research as if they had been used, altering or shaping research results in line with the interests of the individuals and organisations providing support,
• Duplicate publication: Presenting duplicate publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
• Salami slicing: Dividing the results of a research study into parts in an inappropriate manner that compromises the integrity of the research and publishing them as multiple publications, presenting these publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
• Unfair authorship: Including individuals who have not made an active contribution among the authors or excluding those who have, changing the author order in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, removing the names of those who have made an active contribution from subsequent editions, or including one's name among the authors by using one's influence despite not having made an active contribution,

Other types of ethical violations include:
a) Failing to acknowledge the individuals, institutions, or organisations that provided support for research resulting in publications,
b) Using theses or studies that have not yet been submitted or defended as sources without the owner's permission,
c) Sharing information contained in a work assigned for review with others prior to publication without the express permission of the author,
ç) Using resources, premises, facilities, and equipment provided or allocated for scientific research for purposes other than those intended,
d) Making unfounded, inappropriate, and deliberate allegations of ethical violations,
e) Publishing data obtained without the explicit consent of participants in surveys and attitude studies conducted as part of scientific work, or without the additional permission of the institution if the research is to be conducted at an institution,
f) Failure to comply with the obligation to inform and warn those concerned about possible harmful practices related to scientific research conducted by researchers and officials,
g) In scientific studies, failing to use data and information obtained from other persons and institutions to the extent and in the manner authorised, failing to respect the confidentiality of this information and failing to ensure its protection,
h) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions,

Ethics Committee Approval
Our journal requires that all studies in scientific fields requiring ethics committee approval have obtained the relevant ethics committee decision. In this context, information regarding ethics committee approval (committee name, date, and decision number) must be clearly stated in the article text.
In line with the regulations implemented by Ulakbim TR Index since 2020, studies without ethics committee approval are not considered for publication in our journal.

Studies Requiring Ethics Committee Approval
Studies requiring ethics committee approval in our journal include the following:
• All research conducted using qualitative or quantitative approaches involving data collection from participants through methods such as surveys, interviews, focus group studies, observation, and discussion techniques,
• Retrospective studies within the framework of the Personal Data Protection Law.
For such studies to be considered for evaluation, the relevant ethical committee approvals must have been obtained and clearly stated in the article text.

Plagiarism Check
Articles submitted to our journal for publication are scanned using the Ithenticate programme to confirm that they have not been previously published and do not contain plagiarism. If plagiarism is detected in an article submitted to or published in our journal, our journal acts in accordance with COPE principles.

Use of Artificial Intelligence
The use of artificial intelligence in studies submitted to our journal is acceptable in processes that do not affect the originality of the article, such as literature review or language control. However, the use of artificial intelligence must be carried out within the framework of ethical rules and must not be used for unethical purposes such as fabricating data or manipulation.
For studies involving the use of artificial intelligence, it is mandatory to inform our journal of this situation during the article submission stage. All responsibility regarding the use of artificial intelligence lies with the authors themselves.

Privacy Statement
All personal data submitted to our journal is protected. Data belonging to authors, referees, and other individuals is not shared with third parties or institutions.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are found in a published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations, or conclusions. Editors should consider retracting an article when major errors/violations invalidate the findings and conclusions. COPE principles are taken into account regarding corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern.

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
Our journal is obliged to protect the intellectual property rights of all published articles and to defend the rights of the journal and the author(s) in the event of possible infringements.

Conflicts of Interest
Our journal ensures that the publication process is completed independently and impartially, taking into account conflicts of interest between authors, reviewers, and other editors.

Complaints and Appeals to Our Journal
You may email any complaints or appeals regarding content, procedures, or policies under the responsibility of our journal or its editorial board members to aid@beu.edu.tr. Complaints and appeals submitted to our journal are carefully reviewed and evaluated in accordance with COPE principles.

ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF STAKEHOLDERS

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
• Authors are expected to submit original work. Should authors draw upon or use other works, they must provide complete and accurate citations and/or quotations.
• Individuals who have not contributed intellectually to the content of the work should not be listed as authors.
• Any circumstances or relationships that may constitute a conflict of interest in works submitted for publication must be disclosed.
• Authors may be requested to provide raw data related to their articles during the review process; in such cases, authors should be prepared to submit the expected data and information to the editorial board and scientific committee.
• The author(s) must possess documentation demonstrating that they have the rights to use the data and the necessary permissions for the research/analysis.
• Should the author(s) discover an error or inaccuracy in their published work, work in advance view, or work under review, they are obliged to inform the journal editor or publisher and to cooperate with the editor in the correction or retraction process.
• Authors may not submit their work to more than one journal simultaneously. Each submission may be initiated after the previous submission has been completed. Work published in another journal may not be submitted to Bitlis Eren University Academic Projection Journal.
• Changes to author responsibilities (such as adding authors, changing author order, or removing authors) cannot be proposed for work that has already entered the review process.

Duties and Ethical Responsibilities of Editors
Editors are responsible for every publication in the Bitlis Eren University Academic Reflection Journal. In this context, editors have the following roles and responsibilities:
• Striving to meet the information needs of readers and authors,
• Continuously ensuring the development of the journal,
• Implementing processes aimed at improving the quality of studies published in the journal,
• Supporting freedom of thought,
• Ensuring academic integrity,
• Continuing work processes without compromising intellectual property rights and ethical standards,
• Demonstrating openness and transparency in publishing matters requiring correction or clarification.
Relations with readers
Editors should make decisions taking into account the information, skills and experience expectations of all readers, researchers and practitioners. They should ensure that published works contribute to readers, researchers, practitioners and scientific literature and are original in nature. Furthermore, editors are obliged to take into account feedback from readers, researchers, and practitioners and to provide explanatory and informative feedback.
Relationships with authors
The duties and responsibilities of editors towards authors are as follows:
• Editors should make positive or negative decisions based on the importance, original value, validity, clarity of presentation, and the aims and objectives of the journal.
• They should accept studies that are suitable for publication for preliminary evaluation, provided they do not have serious problems.
• Editors should not disregard positive referee recommendations unless there is a serious problem with the work.
• New editors should not change decisions made by previous editors regarding works unless there is a serious problem.
• The ‘Blind Refereeing and Evaluation Process’ must be published, and editors should prevent any deviations from the defined processes.
• Authors should be provided with clear and informative notifications and feedback.
Relationships with reviewers
• Reviewers should be selected based on their suitability for the subject matter of the work.
• Editors are responsible for providing reviewers with the information and guidance they need during the evaluation process.
• Editors must ensure there are no conflicts of interest between authors and reviewers.
• Must keep the identities of referees confidential in the context of blind refereeing.
• Must encourage referees to evaluate the work in an impartial, scientific, and objective manner.
• Must establish practices and policies to enhance the performance of referees.
• Must take the necessary steps to dynamically update the referee pool.
• It should prevent rude and unscientific evaluations.
• It should take steps to ensure that the pool of referees is diverse.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
The evaluation of all works through ‘Blind Review’ directly affects publication quality. This process ensures objectivity and independence in the evaluation of publications. The evaluation process of Bitlis Eren University Academic Projection Journal is conducted according to the double-blind review principle. Referees cannot communicate directly with authors; evaluations and comments are conveyed through the journal management system. In this process, evaluation forms and referee comments on the full texts are communicated to the author(s) via the editor. In this context, referees evaluating work for the Bitlis Eren University Academic Projection Journal are expected to have the following ethical responsibilities:
• They should only accept to evaluate work related to their area of expertise.
• They should evaluate impartially and confidentially.
• If they believe they have a conflict of interest during the evaluation process, they should decline to review the work and inform the journal editor.
• In accordance with the principle of confidentiality, they should destroy the works they have reviewed after the evaluation process. They may only use the final versions of the works they have reviewed after they have been published.
• They should evaluate objectively and solely on the basis of the content of the work. They should not allow nationality, gender, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or commercial concerns to influence their evaluation.
• They should conduct the evaluation in a constructive and polite manner. They should not make derogatory personal comments that contain hostility, slander, or insults.
• They should evaluate the work they accept in a timely manner and in accordance with the above ethical responsibilities.

Ethical Responsibilities of the Publisher
The Editors and Editorial Board of Bitlis Eren University Academic Projection Journal act in accordance with the following ethical responsibilities:
• Editors are responsible for all processes related to the works submitted to Bitlis Eren University Academic Projection Journal. In this context, editors are the decision-makers, without considering economic or political gains.
• They commit to forming independent editorial decisions.
• They protect the ownership and copyright of every article published in the Bitlis Eren University Academic Reflection Journal and undertake the obligation to keep a record of every published copy.
• They are responsible for taking measures against any scientific misconduct, citation fraud, and plagiarism related to editors.

PUBLICATION POLICIES

Article Evaluation Process
• Submissions sent to the journal for publication are first subject to editorial evaluation in terms of their suitability to the journal's purpose and scope, and their compliance with writing rules and the proposed draft. At this stage, submissions that are not found to be suitable for the journal's purpose and scope are returned to the authors. Manuscripts that do not comply with the writing rules and draft formatting are returned to the authors for correction and re-submission.
• All manuscripts are expected to be original and unique works that have not been previously published in any medium. During the evaluation stage, manuscripts are examined using the Ithenticate similarity scanning and plagiarism detection programme. The similarity index value of articles must be below 20%. Articles above this value are rejected without being evaluated.
• Manuscripts deemed suitable by the editor are directed to the relevant field editor according to their subject matter. The field editor initiates the peer review process for the manuscript by selecting two reviewers appropriate to the subject and quality of the work. The referees selected for the first step of the evaluation process are given 30 days to complete their evaluation. At the end of this period, referees who have not completed their evaluation or uploaded their evaluation report are dismissed, and new referees are appointed. Manuscripts deemed unsuitable for publication based on the referee evaluation results are returned to the authors. Authors are notified of manuscripts accepted for publication, and the manuscript is published in the next issue.
• Authors are given 30 days to make corrections to works requested by referees. The necessary corrections must be made and uploaded to the journal system within this period. If the period granted to the authors is exceeded, the process for the work is terminated, and it must be uploaded again as a new article from the beginning. In this case, the first step of the evaluation process is restarted. If necessary, the revised version uploaded within the given timeframe is referred back to the referee, and the second step of the referee process is initiated; if the referee does not wish to see the revised version of the work, the editor makes the decision regarding publication.
• In the second step of the evaluation process, the revisions made by the authors are reviewed by the referees, who then communicate their final decision regarding the work to the editor. The editor informs the authors about the publication process based on this decision.

NOTE: If one of the referees gives a negative opinion, the article is referred to a third referee for a final decision. Papers can be published with the positive decision of at least two referees. 

Archiving, Open Access and Copyright Policy
Works published in our journal are digitally archived in LOCKSS. Our journal also permits authors to archive versions of their work on their own websites, institutional websites and other repositories. As the journal is open access, there is no embargo period.

Authors retain the copyright (including commercial rights) of their work published in our journal, and their work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). All work published in our journal is published as open access under the CC BY-NC 4.0 licence. Articles published in our journal can be accessed free of charge at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/beuiibfaid/archive.

Scope of the Licence
As long as you comply with the licence terms, the licence holder cannot revoke these freedoms (the specified rights).
You are free to:
1) Share: Copy and redistribute the work in any medium or format.
2) Adapt: Remix, transform, and build upon the existing work.
Under the following conditions:
3) Attribution: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so appropriately, but this does not imply that the licence holder approves of you or your use.
4) Non-Commercial: You may not use this material for commercial purposes.
There are no additional restrictions: You may not apply legal conditions or technological measures that would legally restrict the use of the permissions granted by the licence.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue may be published once a year at the request of the Editorial Board of my journal. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subject to an editorial pre-review. They are then reviewed for compliance with the journal's writing rules and similarity scanning is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, they undergo a peer review process using a double-blind model.

Fee Policy
There are no fees for publishing articles in the journal or for the article submission process. No processing fees or submission fees are charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication.

Advertising and Sponsorship Policy
The journal does not accept advertising or sponsorship. All expenses of the journal are covered by the Publisher.