SPELLING RULES

1. The title of the article in Turkish and other languages should be consistent with the scope of the paper and should reflect the subject matter of the paper in a concise, clear and adequate manner.
2. Articles should comply with the rules of grammar in terms of language and expression; the spelling rules of the TDK should be followed in the studies.
3. Figures, tables, photographs and other documents used in the article should be prepared in accordance with scientific rules, selected in line with the purpose and scope of the article, and accompanied by a simple and sufficient explanation that is easy to understand.
4. The page dimensions of the journal should be set at 2.6 cm at the top, 2.2 cm at the bottom, 2 cm on the left and 2 cm on the right. In Microsoft Office Word, the page size should be 16x25 cm, and the text should be written in ‘Bookman Old Style’ font, size 11, with ‘Line Spacing: Full, Value: 14 pt’.
5. The Turkish abstract, English title of the article, English abstract, and keywords must be complete. They should be set to 12 nk before and 6 nk after. Abstracts and keywords should appear immediately after the title. The abstract should be between 150-200 words; keywords should be at least three and at most five words. There should be at least 2 Jel Codes. The article should consist of at least 5,000 words and no more than 8,000 words.
6. The dimensions given below should be taken into account for tables and special drawings. It would be advisable to pay attention to these dimensions to avoid shifts in tables and distortions in figures.
7. The article title should be 12 point, bold, all capital letters, and centred.
• The English title of the article should be bold, with only the first letter capitalised, 11 point, and centred.
• The titles of the Abstract, Keywords, and JEL codes should be italic, 10 point, and their contents should be 9 point.
• Author names should be in 11-point font, with first names lowercase and last names uppercase, right-aligned.
• Main headings should be in 12-point font, bold, justified, and uppercase, with 12nk before and 6nk after.
• Second, third or fourth headings, if any, should be 11 point, bold, left-aligned, with only the first letter capitalised, preceded by 12nk and followed by 6nk.
8. The text should be single-spaced, 11 point, justified, with 6nk spacing before and after paragraphs.
9. Abbreviations should be written in full the first time they appear, with the abbreviated form in brackets. Subsequent appearances should use the abbreviated form.
10. A full stop should be placed after the table or figure number, followed by the table or figure title. The first word of the title should be capitalised (e.g. Table 1. Per Capita Income by Year). If the table or figure is taken from another work, the source should be cited in italics in small type below the table or figure in accordance with citation rules. Tables and figures should be prepared for black and white printing.
11. In the text, double quotation marks should be used for direct quotations of no more than three lines. Double quotation marks should not be used in the text except for direct quotations.
12. When quoting extensively (more than three lines) from a source, the quotation should be indented on both sides (0.5 cm) and written in 10-point font (without quotation marks). At the end of the quotation, the source page number should be provided in parentheses.
13. Special terms and expressions within the text should be shown in double quotation marks. If they are not proper names, the words within the quotation marks should be written in lowercase. Single quotation marks or italics should be preferred for words or phrases that need to be emphasised (instead of underlining or bolding).
14. Foreign words within the text should be written in italics. If the foreign language equivalent of a Turkish term or expression is also provided, it should be written in italics in parentheses.
15. Numbers appearing in the text should be written in words if they are single-digit, and in figures if they are two or more digits.
16. When numbering within the text, full stops should be used instead of suffixes such as inci/üncü/uncu.
17. The % symbol should be used for the word “percentage”.
18. If a quotation is taken from within another quotation, it should be referenced using the phrase “as quoted by”.
19. The results should be appropriate to the purpose and scope of the research and should be presented in outline form and in essence. The results section should be set in 12-point font, in all capital letters, with 12nk space before and 6nk space after.
20. The sources used in the article should be arranged according to the writing rules, every document referred to should be included in the sources section, and a bibliography should be added at the end of the study in accordance with the source citation. The bibliography should be set in 12-point font, all uppercase, with 12nk before and 6nk after.
21. The extended abstract should be between 450 and 750 words in length; it should clearly state the purpose, problem, method, findings, and conclusions of the study under subheadings.
22. Independent work by postgraduate students will only be accepted if their supervisor is also listed among the authors.
23. Book reviews should be between 900 and 1200 words in length; they should not include an abstract or extended summary.
24. If the article is derived from a thesis, project, or presented as a paper, this must be stated on the first page of the article.
25. For multi-authored works, authors must submit a statement of contribution and a conflict of interest declaration during the article submission process. For works derived from postgraduate theses, the author with the highest contribution must be the student.
26. If the work has received support from any institution, organisation, or fund during the article submission process, this support must be stated. Furthermore, if there are individuals, institutions, or organisations that deserve acknowledgement, the relevant information must be clearly stated in the article file.
27. If artificial intelligence-based tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Grammarly, etc.) were used during the article production process, the stages in which they were utilised must be clearly stated. This information must be provided during the article submission process. All responsibility regarding the use of artificial intelligence lies with the authors.
28. In our journal, it is mandatory to obtain approval from the relevant committee for all scientific studies requiring ethical committee approval. In line with the 2020 regulations of ULAKBİM TR Index, studies without ethical committee approval will not be considered for evaluation. Ethics committee information (committee name, date, decision number) must be clearly stated in the article text. All qualitative and quantitative research involving data collection from participants through methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and discussions, as well as retrospective studies conducted under the Personal Data Protection Law, require ethics committee approval. Obtaining this approval and stating it in the article is mandatory.
29. Studies submitted to our journal must be prepared in accordance with the article template. Click here to access the article template. Articles that do not comply with the article template will be returned to the authors.
30. In-text citations and reference lists must be formatted according to APA 6th edition guidelines. Examples of citations and reference lists are provided below.

Single Author Books
In Text:
(Işık, 2020: 75).
In the bibliography:
Işık, M. (2020). Changing Managerial Typology: C-Level Managers. Ankara Gazi Bookstore.

Single author articles
In Text:
(Erat, 2021: 123).
In the bibliography:
Erat, V. (2021). Governance in Public Administration Studies. Bingöl University Journal of Social Sciences Institute (BUSBED), 11(21), 121-135.

Books with two authors
In the text:
(Erat & Arap, 2016: 90).
In the bibliography:
Erat, V. & Arap, I. (2016). Evolution of Science-Power Relationship in the World and Turkey. Ankara: Notabene Publishing.

Articles with two authors
In the text:
(Uçar & Sezgin, 2021: 207)
In the bibliography:
Uçar, Z. & Sezgin, O. B. (2021). Perceived Overqualification: A Study of Scale Development, Reliability, and Validity. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 42, 196-208.

Books with more than two authors
In the text:
(Koçak et al., 2016: 101).
In the bibliography:
Koçak, Z., Demirtaş, M. & Taşkıran, H. (2016). XIX. The Demographic Situation of Ahlat in the 21st Century. Ankara: Night Library Publications.

Articles with more than two authors
In the text:
(İzci et al., 2021: 13)
In the bibliography:
Izci, F., Othman, N. & Ameen, S. H. (2021). The Importance of Staff Motivation in Improving Performance and Job Satisfaction in The Public Health Sector. Journal of Academic Projection, 6(2), 1-18.

Compilation Publications
In the text:
(Kalaycıoğlu and Sarıbay, 1986: 3)
In the bibliography:
Kalaycıoğlu, E. & A. Y. Sarıbay (Ed.) (2011). Development of Turkish Political Life. Istanbul: Beta Publishing.

Articles included in compilation publications
In the text:
(Mardin, 1986: 39).
In the bibliography:
Mardin, S. (1986). Extreme Westernization After the Tanzimat. Development of Turkish Political Life. (Ed. E. Kalaycıoğlu and A. Y. Sarıbay). Istanbul: Beta Publishing.

Authorless/collective publications
In the text:
(TODAIE, 1991: 101)
In the bibliography:
TODAIE (1966). Central Government Organization Establishment and Duties, Central Government Organization Research Project Report. Ankara: TODAIE Publication.

Proceedings
In the text:
(Akkoyunlu, 2007: 62)
In the bibliography:
Akkoyunlu, B. (2007). learning styles. Y. Tonta (Ed.) Information Management National Symposium Proceedings (pp. 51-71). Ankara: Hacettepe University.

Thesis
In the text:
(Demirkanoğlu, 2016: 13)
In the bibliography:
Demirkanoglu, Y. (2013). Conservative Right and Women in Turkey: The Changing Political Panorama from Msp to Ak Parti. (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University.

Report and Technical Texts
In the text:
(Gencel Bek, 1998: 3).
In the bibliography:
Gencel Bek, M. (1998). Mediscape Turkey 2000 (Report No. 2). Ankara: BAYAUM.

Web page
In the text:
(MIPEX, 2015)
In the bibliography:
MIPEX. (2015). Access to Nationality. Retrieved 05 01, 2017 from Migrant Integration Policy: http://www.mipex.eu/access-nationality.

NOTE: The content of the bibliography should be listed in order of surname and letter, without making any distinction between books and journals.