Türkiye’de Endüstri Düzeyinde Kadın-Erkek Ücret Farkı

Year 2015, Issue: 73, 157 - 170, 01.03.2015

Murat Anıl Mercan Mesut Karakaş

Abstract

Kadınlar ve erkekler arasındaki endüstriler arası ücret farklılıkları literatürde git gide artan bir dikkat çekmektedir, fakat bu olgu gelişmekte olan ülkeler için de yeterince incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışma hem doğu ülkesi olan hem de gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında yer alan Türkiye’de kadın-erkek ücret farklılıklarını incelemektedir. Endüstriler arası kadın-erkek ücret farklarını basit bir Blinder-Oxaca tipi ayrıştırma analiziyle tespit etmek tanımlama sorunlarına yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu problemlerin üstesinden gelmek için yeni bir yaklaşım kullandık. Sonuçlarımız Türkiye iş gücü piyasasında kadın-erkek ücret farklarının sağlık, eğitim ve finansal hizmetler (sigortacılık ve emeklilik hariç olmak üzere) sektöründe göreceli olarak yüksek ve erkek iş gücü lehinde olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, diğer endüstriler ele alındığında genel olarak bu fark çok düşüktür. Bu olguya olası bir açıklama Türkiye’de kadınların iş gücüne katılım oranının düşük olmasıdır.

Keywords

iş gücü piyasası, endüstriler arası ücret farklılıkları, kadınerkek ücret farkı, ücret ayrımı, cinsiyet-ücret ayrıştırması, Türkiye

Industry-Level Female-Male Wage Gap in Turkey

Abstract

Inter-industry wage differentials between women and men have received increasing attention in the literature, but few studies have examined this phenomenon for developing countries. This study investigates the female-male wage differentials for Turkey, which is an eastern and developing country. A simple Blinder-Oaxaca type decomposition analysis of the female-male inter-industry wage differential suffers mainly from identification problems. Therefore, we use a new approach to overcome these problems. Our results suggest that the female-male wage gap in the Turkish labor market is relatively high and in favor of males in human health activities, education activities, and financial service activities (except insurance and pension funding). Also, it is generally small among other industries. A possible explanation for this fact is that the female labor force participation rate is low in these sectors in Turkey

Keywords

labor market, inter industry wage differentials, female-male wage differential, wage discrimination, gender-wage decomposition, Turkey

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