Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki limon bahçelerindeki trips türlerinin çeşitliliğinin ve etkilerinin araştırılması

Year 2024, , 37 - 44, 01.07.2024

Miraç Yayla , Doğancan Kahya , Adalet Hazır , Ekrem Atakan

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1394342

Abstract

Trips, polifag bir zararlı olup, bazı türleri hem dünya hem de Türkiye’de çeşitli turunçgil meyvelerinde ciddi zararlara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde farklı limon çeşitlerindeki trips türlerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveyler, 2017, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında limon bahçelerinde yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki limon bahçelerinde trips türlerinin biyoçeşitliliği ve limon çeşitlerindeki zarar durumu hakkında bilgi sahibi olmamızı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışma sonucunda sekiz trips türü belirlenmiştir; Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Adana ve Hatay'daki Kütdiken, Interdonate ve Mayer limon çeşitlerinde en yaygın bulunan tür olarak tespit edilmiştir. Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Mersin'de Kütdiken ve Interdonate üzerinde en yaygın trips türü olarak belirlenmiştir. T. hawaiensis, Türkiye'de 2015 yılında ilk kez tespit edilmiş olup, bu tarihten itibaren Mersin ilinde limon bahçelerinde baskın tür haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi'ndeki trips tür çeşitliliğini belirlemek amacıyla Shannon-Wiener değerleri (H=0,99525, EH=0,478614) ve Simpson Biyoçeşitlilik değerleri (D=0,44972, Sd=0,5502) hesaplanmıştır. Thrips hawaiiensis, Kütdiken, Interdonate ve Mayer çeşitlerinde geç çiçeklenme döneminde daha yüksek bir popülasyon yoğunluğuna sahip olduğu ve meyvelere ciddi zarar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, F. occidentalis'in limon meyvelerine zarar vermediği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de limon çeşitlerindeki trips türleri ve bu türlerin illere göre dağılımı ve biyoçeşitliliği incelenmiştir.

Keywords

biyoçeşitlilik, Doğu Akdeniz, limon, Thysanoptera, Türkiye

Assessment of thrips species diversity and their impact on lemon orchards in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Türkiye

Abstract

Thrips are polyphagous, and some species cause serious damage to citrus fruits worldwide including Türkiye. This study was conducted to determine thrips species on different lemon varieties in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in Türkiye. Surveys were conducted on lemon orchards in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Thrips species and damage on lemon varieties in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is not fully examined therefore this study helped to understand the biodiversity and damage of thrips species on lemon orchards in this region. Eight thrips species were determined. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was found to be the most common species on Kütdiken, Interdonate and Mayer lemon varieties in Adana and Hatay. Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was detected as the most common thrips species in Mersin on Kütdiken and Interdonate. T. hawaiensis was first detected in Türkiye in 2015, and it has become the dominant species in lemon orchards in Mersin province. Moreover, the Shannon-Wiener values (H=0,99525, EH=0,478614), and the Simpson Biodiversity values (D=0,44972, Sd=0,5502) were calculated to determine thrips species diversity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in this study. During the late flowering period, Thrips hawaiiensis had a higher population density in Kütdiken, Interdonate and Mayer varieties. This resulted severe damage to fruit. It is important to note that F. occidentalis does not cause any damage to lemon fruits. In this study, the distribution and biodiversity of thrips species based on lemon varieties were studied in Türkiye, with a focus on their distribution across provinces.

Keywords

biodiversity, Eastern Mediterranean, lemon, Thysanoptera, Türkiye

Supporting Institution

Mersin Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies

Thanks

The authors thank the Mersin Chamber of Commerce and Industry and to the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies for their financial support

References

• Amoozadeh A., Nazari A.R., Mirab-balou M., 2019. Biodiversity of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) in cereal fields of Ilam province in various climate regions. IAU Entomological Research Journal, 11 (3), 259-268.
• Atakan E., 2007a. Thrips (Thysanoptera) species occurring on fruit orchards in Çukurova region of Turkey. In: Book of Abstracts of Second Symposium on Palaeartic Thysanoptera, Strunjan, Slovenia, 7 p.
• Atakan E., 2007b. Thrips (Thysanoptera) species occurring on winter vegetable crops in Çukurova region of Turkey. In: Book of Abstracts of Second Symposium on Palaeartic Thysanoptera, Strunjan, Slovenia, 24 p.
• Atakan E., 2010. Çukurova bölgesi’nde yazlık sebzelerde Thysanoptera (thrips) türleri ve avcı böcekler üzerinde araştırmalar. In: VIII. Sebze Tarımı Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Van, Türkiye, 23-26.
• Atakan, E. 2011. Adana ilinde merkez parklarında bazı süs bitkilerinde bulunan Thysanoptera (thrips) türleri. In: Türkiye IV. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, 28-30.
• Atakan E., Ölçülü M., Pehlivan S., Satar S., 2015. Türkiye’de yeni zararlı bir thrips türü: Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 5, 77-84.
• Atakan E., Ölçülü M., Pehlivan S., Özgür O., 2016. An analysis of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in lemons: its abundance, distribution and damage status. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4 (2), 109-114.
• Atakan E., and Pehlivan S., 2020. A harmful thrips species on lemon in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey: Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23 (1), 19-25.
• Belaam-Kort I., Marullo R., Attia S., Boulahia-Kheder S., 2020. Thrips fauna in citrus orchard in Tunisia:- an up-to-date. Bulletin of Insectology, 73, 1-10.
• Childers C.C., Nakahara S., 2006. Thysanoptera (thrips) within citrus orchards in Florida: species distribution, relative and seasonal abundance within trees, and species on vines and ground cover plants. Journal of Insect Science, 6 (1), 1-19
• Costa L., Mateus C., Zur Strassen R., Franco J.C., 2006. Thrips (Thysanoptera) associated to lemon orchards in the Oeste region of Portugal. IOBC Bulletin, 29 (3), 285-291.
• De Breuil S., Giudici A., La Rossa F.R., Baldessari J., Bejerman N., Giolitti F., Lenardon S., 2021. Exploring species composition and population dynamics of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in peanut crops in Argentina. Phytoparasitica, 49 (5), 785-792.
• Elimem M., Chermiti B., 2013. Thrips species composition and seasonal dynamic populations in an organic citrus orchard in the central eastern coast of Tunisia. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, 95, 77-82.
• EPPO 2022. Global Database. Available from: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1THYSO (accessed date: 21.09.2023).
• Goldarazena A., 2011. First record of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an Asian pest thrips in Spain. EPPO Bulletin, 41, 170–173.
• Hazır A., Ulusoy M.R, Atakan E., 2011. Adana ve Mersin ili nektarin bahçelerinde saptanan Thysanoptera (Thrips) türleri ve zarar oranı üzerine araştırmalar. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 35 (1), 133-144.
• Hazir A., Yayla M., Kahya D., Atakan E., 2022. Effectiveness of various insecticides and predatory bug, Orius laevigatus (Fieber, 1860) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) releases on Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in lemon, Citrus limon (L.) (Rutales: Rutaceae), orchard in Mersin (Türkiye). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 (4), 373-383.
• Hodgson. R.W. 1967. Horticultural varieties of citrus. In: The Citrus Industry. W Reuther, L D Batchelor, H J Webber, (eds). University of California, 431-591..
• Keçici A.I., Bozbuga R., Öcal A., Yüksel E., Özer G., Yildiz S., Lahlali R., Slaats B., Dababat A.A., Imren M., 2022. Diversity and identification of plant-parasitic nematodes in wheat-growing ecosystems. Microorganisms, 10: 1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081534
• Kumar S., Stecher G., Li M., Knyaz C., Tamura K., 2018. MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549.
• Lewis T., 1973. Thrips: their biology, ecology and economic importance. Academic, London, UK, 349 p.
• Magurran A.E., 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Springer, New York, USA, 179 p.
• Magurran A.E., 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Science Ltd., 256 p.
• Marullo R., De Grazia A., 2012. Thripidae. In integrated control of citrus pests in the Mediterranean Region. Vacante, V, Gerson, U., (Eds.) Bentham Science: Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 109–118.
• Marullo R., De Grazia A., 2013. Territorial distribution, classification and relationships amongst Italian Thysanoptera. Bulletin of Insectology, 66 (1), 127-134.
• Marullo R., De Grazia A., 2017. Thrips hawaiiensis a pest thrips from Asian newly introduced in to Italy. Bulletin of Insectology, 70 (1), 27-30.
• Miller M.A., Schwartz T., Pickett B.E., He S., Klem E.B., Scheuermann R.H., Passarotti M., Kaufman S., O’Leary M.A., 2015. ARESTful API for Access to Phylogenetic Tools via the CIPRES Science Gateway. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 11: EBO-S21501.
• Mirab-balou M., Mahmoudi M., Tong X., 2017. Diversity of thrips species (Thysanoptera) in fruit orchards in Qazvin province, northwestern Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 6 (3), 363-375.
• Mirab-balou M., Mahmoudi M., Miri B., 2019. Fauna and species diversity of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) on Montpellier maple trees Acer monspessulanum in Zagros forests of Ilam province, Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 8 (4), 431-439.
• Nas S., Atakan E., Elekçioğlu N., 2007. Doğu Akdeniz bölgesi turunçgil alanlarında bulunan Thysanoptera türleri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 31, 307-316.
• Ölçülü M., 2014. Doğu Akdeniz bölgesi turunçgil bahçelerinde Thysanoptera türleri ve doğal düşmanlarının popülasyon değişimleri ile Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)’un bazı biyolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Cukurova University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, 107 s., Adana, Turkey.
• Özsemerci F., Akşit T., Tunç İ., 2006. Manisa ili bağ alanlarında saptanan Thrips türleri ve önemli türlerin ilçelere göre dağılımı. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 46 (1-4), 51-63.
• Pehlivan S., Atakan E., 2017. Thysanoptera (Thrips) species on cultivated plants in Çukurova region of Turkey. In: 5th Symposium on Palaearctic Thysanoptera, Cracow, Poland, ss 1.
• Reynaud P., Balmès V., Pizzol J., 2008. Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an Asian pest thrips now established in Europe. OEPP Bulletin, 38, 155–160.
• Simpson E.H., 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688.
• Shannon C.E.A. 1948. Mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27 (3), 379–423.
• Tekşam İ., Tunç İ., 2009. An analysis of Thysanoptera associated with citrus flowers in Antalya, Turkey: composition, distribution, abundance and pest status of species. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 44 (3), 455-464.
• Tunç I., 1991. Studies on the Thysanoptera of Antalya I. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 15, 129–141.
• Tunç I., 1992. Studies on the Thysanoptera of Antalya II. Thripidae Stephens (part 1). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 16, 33–46.
• TÜİK, 2022. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111&dil=1.(accessed date: 12.09.2023).
• Uygun N., Karaca İ., Ulusoy M.R., 1992. Türkiye’de turunçgil zararlılarına karşı entegre savaş çalışmaları. Uluslararası Entegre Zirai Mücadele Sempozyumu, İzmir, Türkiye, 95-107.
• Uygun N., Ulusoy M.R., Karaca İ., Satar S., 2010. Meyve ve bağ zararlıları. Özyurt Matbaacılık, Adana, Türkiye, 347 s.
• Vono G., Bonsignore C.P., Marullo R., 2022. A comprehensive thrips species assessment for eco-consistent management of infestations in Mediterranean citrus crops. Horticulturae, 8 (2), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020137
• Wang J., Tong X., Wu D. 2014. The effect of latitudinal gradient on the species diversity of Chinese litter-dwelling thrips. ZooKeys, 417: 9-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.417.7895
• Xu S., Zhang H., Xie Y., Zhao Y., Li Z., 2012. Species and seasonal population fluctuation of thrips on citrus.- Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 27 (2), 170-182.