Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 6/30/24

Year: 2024

Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences aims to help support and increase the number of studies to contribute to the scientific developments in social sciences both in Turkey and around the world. All publishing rights of the studies published in BUJSS belong to Beykent University. The author(s) shall take all the legal responsibilities relating to the ideas and opinions in and the content of the articles published in the Journal. Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences (BUJSS) is a national peer-reviewed journal publishing scientific studies to contribute to the collective knowledge in social sciences.

Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences (BUJSS) is a peer-reviewed journal covering authentic scientific articles from all fields of social sciences, e.g. economics, banking, business administration, finance, psychology, political science, sociocultural anthropology, sociology, history, international relations and cultural studies, communications, comparative literature, languages, and literature, etc. It is a bilingual journal publishing articles written in Turkish and/or English.
Having been a "Peer-reviewed Journal" since 2008, Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences is a biannual journal published in June and December. Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences aims to receive manuscripts of the studies carried out with scientific methods and putting forward suggestions for problems and developments in the fields covered by the journal. If you want to submit manuscripts to Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences, see Ethical Principles and Publishing Policy and House Style Guide. You can use the link Archive to access the previous issues of Beykent University's Journal of Social Sciences.

Authors must follow the style guidelines below in their manuscripts to be submitted to Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences. Manuscripts which have not been written in accordance with the said guidelines may not be reviewed, or may be excluded from review in any step of the review process.
Click here for a MS Word file sample. The MS Word template was written in the journal's publishing format. Prior to submission to the journal, manuscripts must be first prepared according to the said format. Since the journal adopts the double-blind peer review model, you must not fill in the author and institution sections of the submission form when you first submit your manuscript. It is important that you give the manuscript file the same name as the manuscript itself. Special care should be taken not to leave any information revealing the names and institutions of the authors in any part of the manuscript.
At submission, the "Copyright Agreement" and the "Title Page" containing the information relating to the authors and the study should be prepared and uploaded separately from the manuscript file.

Notes for the Title:
• Name of the manuscript should be written in both Turkish and English.
• Title of the manuscript should be no more than 20 words.
• Font size of the Turkish and English titles should be 14.
• The Turkish title should be on the first page of the manuscript, before the abstract, and justified.
• The English title should be on the first page of the manuscript, right after the Turkish title, and also justified. Titles should be single-spaced and a 6-point blank line should be inserted before and after the title. Initial letters in the Turkish and English titles should be capitalized.


Notes for Turkish abstract and English abstract 
• Turkish abstract and English abstract should each be no less than 150 words and no longer than 250 words.
• The number of keywords should be no less than 3 and no more than 5.
• The font should be 9-point Times New Roman. Subheadings of the essential items in the Turkish abstract and the English abstract should be in bold font as shown in the sample table.
• Turkish and English abstracts should be single-spaced and the spacing between the paragraphs should be 0 pt both before and after.
• Abstract should be written in a way to state the aim, method, findings, limitations, and authenticity of the research.
• Abstract should be a single paragraph and should not be indented.
** NOTE: For research papers written in English, where the authors do not have a good command of the Turkish language or may request language support, the Turkish abstract  is added by BUJSS in conformity with the abstract.

Notes for the English abstract (Abstract):
• The Abstract should follow the English grammar and spelling rules.
• English and Turkish abstracts should be consistent with each other (e.g. order and alignment of the items, concepts, terms, etc.), and the translation of terms should correspond to the relevant English literature. Margins in the English abstract should be the same as those in the Turkish abstract.

Notes for Extended Abstracts:
Extended abstracts enhance the international citation impact of the academic papers. Therefore, extended abstracts should be designed to provide a summary of the whole paper. Extended abstracts should be written in English. Extended abstracts should be written in a way to cover the conceptual framework, aim, importance, method, findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the relevant research paper with due regard to the characteristics of the discipline in which the study is carried out. Extended abstract should be placed right after the English Abstract and before the Introduction. The extended abstract should begin on a new page and be single-spaced, spacing between the paragraphs should be 0 pt both before and after, and the font type should be 9-point Times New Roman.

Plagiarism (Similarity) Notice:
In accordance with the publishing policy of Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences, the Office of the Secretary of the Journal runs a similarity check on Turnitin for all the manuscripts submitted to the Journal before the peer-review process. The upper limit of similarity is 15% excluding the references. The Office of the Secretary has the authority to require revision for or reject the papers exceeding this upper limit. Authors are required to upload their similarity reports to the system as well.

NOTE: General style guide for the manuscripts is as shown in the sample manuscript template.

Manuscript Style Guide
• Manuscripts should be written in MS “Word” (preferably Office 2010 and newer) in A4 page layout size.
• The length of the manuscript should be that of a journal article, thus no more than 25 pages.
• Page margins should be as follows: Left: 2.5 cm, Right: 2.5 cm, Top: 2.5 cm, and Bottom: 2.5 cm.
• Manuscripts should be single-spaced and written using the 11-point “Times New Roman” font type. The body text of the whole manuscript should use a 6-point line spacing before and after. There should be one space after commas and periods.
• Paragraph indentation should be set as "Special - First Line - By: 1 cm", and a 6-point blank line should be inserted before and after each paragraph. No additional blank lines should be left between the paragraphs (blank lines should not be left by pressing the enter button).
• Full name(s) of the author(s) should be 'aligned right' below the title in 10-point font. The title, institution, email address, and ORCID information of the author(s) shall be written in a 9-point footnote at the end of the page (Since this will be added by us during page layout, author(s) should not add the said information to their manuscripts when they upload them).
• Citations should be given as in-text parenthetical citations using the "author-date style". Explanatory notes should be written in a 9-point footnote at the bottom of the page. Citations should follow the order of the surname(s) of the author(s) and date of publication (for example, Bozkurt and Gümüş, 2019). Where the name of the author is unavailable, name of the institution should be used instead (e.g. TÜİK, 2021).
• If making reference to an entire work, the reference list should not give the page number(s). In-text citations should not give page number(s) as well unless absolutely necessary.
• Headings and subheadings should be numbered in bold and aligned left (without indentation). Headings should be in bold with all the letters capitalized (all uppercase) while subheadings should be in bold with only initial letters of each major word capitalized (title case). There should be no more than 4 levels of headings.
1. AAAA AAAA
1.1. Aaaa Aaaaa
1.1.1. Aaaa Aaaaa
1.1.2.1. Aaaa Aaaaa

1. INTRODUCTION (All headings should be in 11-point bold font with all letters capitalized).
The main body text of the whole manuscript should be written in 11-point font. The introduction should include basic concepts, theoretical development, and approaches in the current literature related to the relevant study, as well as the research problem, aim, importance, hypotheses, assumptions, limitations, etc. of the study. It should begin on a new page.

2. THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (All headings should be in 11-point bold font with all letters capitalized).

2.1. Subheading (Level 2 Subheading - 11 point, title case, bold)

2.1.1. Subheading (Level 3 Subheading - 11 point, sentence case, bold).

2.1.1.1. Subheading (Level 4 Subheading - 11 point, sentence case, bold, italicized)

Layout for Tables, Figures, Graphs, and Pictures
• Each table, figure, graph, and picture should be given a caption. Caption: above the table, figure, graph or picture, centered, title case, 11-point.
• Tables, figures, graphs, and pictures should appear in relevant parts of the text, numbered consecutively, and centered within the margins
• Tables, figures, graphs, and pictures should fit in the page margins and be clear and legible.
• Captions should be above the tables, figures, graphs, and pictures while sources should be below them.
• Sources below the tables, figures, graphs, and pictures should be in 9-point font and centered.
• Texts within the tables, figures, and graphs should be single-spaced with 0-point spacing both before and after, and in 9-point font. Tables should not have outside borders or inside vertical borders, but only inside horizontal borders. Boldface may be used where highlighting is required in the text.
• Line spacing for both the captions and sources should be 6 pt before and after as in the main body text of the manuscript.
• Footnotes pertaining to tables, figures, and graphs should appear right below the relevant table, figure, or graph, aligned left (without indentation), and in 8-point font.
• In-text citation should be parenthetical in the author-date (surname-year of publication) style. For example, (Gümüş, 2017).

REFERENCES
Each and every in-text citation should have a corresponding Reference List entry at the end of the manuscript. However, works which are not cited within the manuscript cannot appear in the References. References must be written in alphabetical order by the last name of the author(s) regardless of their type (thesis, book, article, report, etc.). If citing multiple works by the same author, the References should list them beginning from the "most recent" one. Indentation for the References: Hanging - 1 cm. The References should be formatted according to the 7th Edition of the APA Publication Manual (https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples).

Journal Articles
• If a journal article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference.
• Always include the issue number for a journal article.
•If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.

Journal article with one author
Parenthetical citation: (Winter, 2011).
Narrative citation: Winter (2011)
Reference list entry: Winter, S. G. (2011). Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 24(10), 991-995. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.318

Journal article with two authors
Parenthetical citation: (Linden and Teece, 2018)
Narrative citation: Linden and Teece (2018)
Reference list entry: Linden, G. and Teece, D. J. (2018). Remarks on Pisano: “Toward a prescriptive theory of dynamic capabilities”. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(6), December 2018, Pages 1175–1179, https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dty047

Journal article with three or more authors
Parenthetical citation: (Prayag et al., 2016)
Narrative citation: Prayag et al. (2016)Reference list entry:
Prayag, G., Hosany, S., Muskat, B., and Chiappa, G. Del. (2016). Understanding the relationships between tourists’ emotional experiences, perceived overall image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Journal of Travel Research, 56(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515620567

Journal article with missing information
If the journal does not use volume, issue, and/or article or page numbers, omit the missing element(s) from the reference.
Parenthetical citation: (Butler, 2017; Sanchiz et al., 2017; Stegmeir, 2016)
Narrative citation: Butler (2017), Sanchiz et al. (2017), and Stegmeir (2016)

Missing volume number
Stegmeir, M. (2016). Climate change: New discipline practices promote college access. The Journal of College Admission, (231), 44–47. https://www.nxtbook.com/ygsreprints/NACAC/nacac_jca_spring2016/#/46

Missing issue number
Bastick, Z. (2017). Would you notice if fake news changed your behavior? An experiment on the unconscious effects of disinformation. Computers in Human Behavior, 116, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106633

Missing page numbers
Butler, J. (2017). Where access meets multimodality: The case of ASL music videos. Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 21(1). http://technorhetoric.net/21.1/topoi/butler/index.html

Books
• Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and e-books.
• Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.
• Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.
• If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location (city/country).
• If the e-book without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference. Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
• If the e-book is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.
Parenthetical citation: (Ada, 2021).
Narrative citation: Ada (2021)Reference list entry:
Ada, S. (2021). Pandemi sonrası dönemde yeni dijital normal [New digital normal in the post-pandemic era] (2nd ed.). Nobel Kitap. https://doi.org/10.1037/00001xx8-000
Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.
Svendsen, S., and Løber, L. (2020). The big picture/Academic writing: The one-hour guide (3rd digital ed.). Hans Reitzel Forlag. https://thebigpicture-academicwriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk/
• For whole edited books, use the abbreviation “(Ed.)” for one editor and the abbreviation “(Eds.)” for multiple editors after the editor names, followed by a period. In the case of multiple editors, include the role once, after all the names.
Parenthetical citation: (Hygum and Pedersen, 2010; Kesharwani, 2020; Torino et al., 2019)
Narrative citation: Hygum and Pedersen (2010), Kesharwani (2020) and Torino et al. (2019)
Hygum, E., and Pedersen, P. M. (Eds.). (2010). Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/
Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press.
Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., and Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: Influence and implications. John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

Chapter in an edited book
• Use this format for both print and e-book edited book chapters, including edited book chapters from academic research databases.
• If the chapter has a DOI, include the chapter DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location (city/country).
• If a chapter without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the chapter in the reference. Do not include the name of the database in the reference.
• If the chapter is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book chapter.
• Include any edition information in the same parentheses as the page range of the chapter, separated with a comma.
• For book chapters without pagination, omit the page range from the reference.
Parenthetical citation: (Aron et al., 2019; Dillard, 2020; Thestrup, 2010).
Narrative citation: Aron et al. (2019), Dillard (2019), and Thestrup (2020)Reference list entry:
Aron, L., Botella, M., and Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, and F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016
Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, and J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.
Thestrup, K. (2010). To transform, to communicate, to play—The experimenting community in action. In E. Hygum and P. M. Hygum (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/?id=192
• For a reprinted work (a work that has been published in two places at once), provide both years in the in-text citation, separated with a slash, with the earlier year first.
• Provide the title, page range, editor, year of publication, and publisher of the original work in parentheses after the information about the work that you used.
Parenthetical citation: (Bronfenbrenner, 1973/2005).
Narrative citation: Bronfenbrenner (1973/2005)
Reference list entry: Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). The social ecology of human development: A retrospective conclusion. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 27–40). SAGE Publications. (Reprinted from Brain and intelligence: The ecology of child development, pp. 113–123, by F. Richardson, Ed., 1973, National Educational Press)

Book or dictionary with no author
Include the title of the work for books, dictionaries or encyclopedias with no author.
Narrative citation: The Australian Oxford dictionary (1999)
Parenthetical citation: (The Australian Oxford dictionary, 1999).
Reference list entry: Australian Oxford dictionary (3rd ed.). (1999). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Book by an organization or institution (corporate author)
Parenthetical citation: (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000).
Narrative citation: Australian Bureau of Statistics (2000)
Reference list entry: Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2000). Population by age and sex, New South Wales, 30 June 2000 (ABS Cat. no. 3235.1). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Author.

Conference presentations and proceedings
Parenthetical citation: (Kushilevitz and Malkin, 2016).
Narrative citation: Kushilevitz and Malkin (2016)
Reference list entry: Çınar, M., Doğan, D. ve Seferoğlu, S. S. (2015, Şubat). Eğitimde dijital araçlar: Google sınıf uygulaması üzerine bir değerlendirme [Digital tools in education: An evaluation on the Google classroom application]. A paper presented at the Academic Informatics Conference, Anadolu University, Eskişehir. Accessed at http://ab2015.anadolu.edu.tr/index. php?menu=5vesubmenu=27

Conference proceedings published as an edited book chapter
The format for conference proceedings published as an edited book chapter is the same as for edited book chapters.
Parenthetical citation: (Bedenel et al., 2019)
Narrative citation: Bedenel et al., (2019)
Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., and Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, and P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21

Dissertations and Theses
• A dissertation or thesis is considered published when it is available from a database such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, PDQT Open, or YÖK TEZ [Turkish Council of Higher Education Thesis Center], an institutional repository, or an archive.
• If the database assigns publication numbers to dissertations and theses, include the publication number in parentheses after the title of the dissertation or thesis without italics.
• Include the description “Doctoral dissertation” or “Master’s thesis” followed by a comma and the name of the institution that awarded the degree. Place this information in square brackets after the dissertation or thesis title and any publication number.
Parenthetical citation: (Crown, 2014).
Narrative citation: Crown (2014)
Reference list entry: Crown, H. S. (2014). Factors influencing customer satisfaction: The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (Publication No. 10169573) [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University].
• When a dissertation or thesis is unpublished, include the description “[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]” or “[Unpublished master’s thesis]” in square brackets after the dissertation or thesis title.
• In the source element of the reference, provide the name of the institution that awarded the degree.
Parenthetical citation: (Harris, 2014).
Narrative citation: Harris (2014)
Reference list entry: Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.

Magazine articles
• If a magazine article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference.
•I f the magazine article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range. Do not include database information in the reference The reference in this case is the same as for a print magazine article.

Newspaper articles
• In the source element of the reference, provide the title of the newspaper in italics.
• If the newspaper article has a URL accessible by readers, include the URL of the article at the end of the reference. If volume, issue, and/or page numbers for the article are missing, omit these elements from the reference.
• If you used a print version of the newspaper article, provide the page or pages of the article after the newspaper title. Do not include the abbreviations “p.” or “pp.” before the page(s).
• If the article is from a news website (e.g., CNN, HuffPost)—one that does not have an associated daily or weekly newspaper—use the format for a webpage on a news website instead.
Parenthetical citation: (Carey, 2019; Harlan, 2013; Stobbe, 2020).
Narrative citation: Carey (2019), Harlan (2013), and Stobbe (2020)Reference list entry:
Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html
Harlan, C. (2013, April 2). North Korea vows to restart shuttered nuclear reactor that can make bomb-grade plutonium. The Washington Post, A1, A4.
Stobbe, M. (2020, January 8). Cancer death rate in U.S. sees largest one-year drop ever. Chicago Tribune.

News websites
• Use the below formatting for references to articles from newspaper websites such as The New York Times or The Washington Post:
• Provide the writer as the author and the specific date the story was published.
• Provide the title of the news story in italics.
• List the name of the news website in the source element of the reference.
• End the reference with the URL.
Parenthetical citation: (Koca, 2019).
Narrative citation: Koca (2019),Reference list entry:
Koca, C. (2019, Ocak 31). Göçün yeniden kavramsallaştırılması [Re-conceptualization of migration]. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/goç-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e

Webpage on a website with an organizational group author
For a page from an organization’s website without individual authors, use the name of the organization as the author. Provide as specific a date as possible, e.g. the day/month/year format. Italicize the title of the webpage and end the reference with the URL.
Parenthetical citation: (World Health Organization, 2018).
Narrative citation: World Health Organization (2018)Reference list entry:
World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

NOTE: For further details, visit https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples.

In the publishing process, Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences first and foremost aims for objective and impartial development and sharing of knowledge. Therefore, all processes affect the quality of the studies written by their respective authors and supported by institutions. For the peer-reviewed papers upholding scientific methods, all stakeholders are expected to share the ethical responsibilities in accordance with the publication ethics of Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences.

General Information
Publishing process of Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences relies on the objective and impartial generation, development, and sharing of knowledge with scientific methods and following the academic principles. Open-access international standards set out by the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) are adopted to ensure ethical standards for the manuscripts submitted. BUJSS undertakes that it adopts the established academic and ethical publishing principles. Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences has the right to revise, publish, and not to publish any manuscripts submitted thereto. It is highly important that all stakeholders (authors, researchers, readers, reviewers, editors, and publishers) comply with the ethical standards. To this end, ethical responsibilities to be undertaken by all stakeholders in accordance with the publication ethics of Beykent University's Journal of Social Sciences are grouped into below categories:
Ethical Guidelines for Editors
Ethical Guidelines for Peer ReviewersEthical Guidelines for Authors
Independence
Impartiality
Punctuality
Conflict of Interest
Double-blind Peer Review
Confidentiality
Publication and Responsibility Decision
Decision Quality
Right to Rejection
Conflict of Interest
Impartiality
Punctuality
Double-blind Peer Review
Confidentiality
Conflict of Interest
Originality
Accuracy
Copyright
Double-blind Peer Review




Responsibilities of the Editorial Board
• Editorial Board of the Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the "Editorial Board") and the Editors/Associate Editors are responsible for each and every manuscript submitted, and even all the post-publication processes thereof.
• The Editorial Board ensures the establishment and implementation of the journal principles, such as publishing, blind peer review, and ethical principles.
• Admission of a manuscript to the peer review process does not guarantee its publication. Even if the manuscript passes the peer review process successfully, decision of the Editorial Board and the Editors/Associate Editors is absolutely necessary.
• The Editorial Board always looks into the allegations of plagiarism and misconduct regarding published articles. It reserves the right to carry out certain procedures including but not limited to communicating the breach to the author's head of department or dean, and/or relevant academic unit in the author's institution in case of a misconduct.

Ethical Duties and Responsibilities of Editors and Section Editors
Editors/Associate Editors are responsible for all the papers published in Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences. They are also responsible for taking all the necessary precautions to protect the intellectual property rights and prevent non-scientific/unethical practices and plagiarism in the journal and article publication process. The roles and duties corresponding to the relevant responsibilities are listed below.

• Publication and Responsibility Decision: Editors/Associate Editors are responsible for deciding on which of the submitted manuscripts comply with the aims and publishing policy of Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences, and to be published in the Journal. They take special care for the protection of human and animal rights in the papers, pay attention to the documentation of the explicit informed consent of the research participants, and as for experimental studies and studies with surveys, reject a paper when it lacks an ethics committee approval. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the content and publication quality of the Journal, and thus has the right to negotiate with the peer reviewers during the publication decision-making process. The Editor-in-Chief strives to meet the needs of the readers and authors.
• Impartiality: Manuscripts submitted to Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences are evaluated based on transparent, clear and scientific criteria without any prejudices and regardless of the author's religion, ethnicity, race, nationality, and political beliefs.
• Confidentiality: Editors/Associate Editors ensure that personal data is protected in accordance with the ethical principles and publishing policy of Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences. They do not disclose the information about the texts and the author(s) thereof to anyone except for the peer reviewers and the publisher. They ensure that each paper is evaluated objectively and timely.
• Conflict of Interest: Editors/Associate Editors do not let anyone use the unpublished materials and data of the manuscripts without explicit written consent of the author(s). They do not have any conflict of interests relating to the accepted or rejected manuscripts.

Editors, Associate Editors and Section Editors undertake the below roles:
● Ensuring academic integrity,
● Promoting freedom of thought,
● Striving to meet the readers’ and authors’ need for knowledge,
● Searching for and establishing a constantly updated wide-ranging pool of peer reviewers,
● Taking action against misconduct,
● When there are appeals of misconduct, carrying out an objective investigation and sharing the findings,
● Investigating the appeals submitted to the journal and provide necessary explanations,
● Taking into account the consistent criticisms for the articles published in the journal, and giving the author(s) of the criticized work the right to respond, and
● Having effective communication with everyone involved in publication process and organizing meetings at regular intervals.

The Relationship between Editors and Authors:
• Editors should make positive or negative decisions based on the importance, originality, validity, and narrative clarity of the articles, as well as the aim and objectives of the Journal.
• Works deemed suitable candidates for publication should enter the initial check stage as long as they have no major problems.
• New editors should not change decisions made by previous editor(s) regarding works unless there is a serious problem.
• ‘The Blind Peer-Review and Evaluation Process’ must be definitely published on the predetermined platforms, and editors should prevent possible deviations from the defined procedures.
• Authors should receive feedback and information in an explanatory and informative manner.

The Relationship between Editors and Peer Reviewers:
Editors should
• determine the peer reviewers appropriately according to the nature of the work,
• provide the peer reviewers with the necessary information and guidance (guidelines, etc.) as per their needs during the evaluation process,
• consider whether or not any conflict of interest exists between authors and peer reviewers,
• keep the identity of peer reviewers confidential during blind peer review.
• assess the peer reviewers by criteria such as performance and timely reply,
• establish practices and policies that improve the performance of peer reviewers, and
• prevent unkind and unscientific comments.

The Relationship between the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board:
The Editor-in-Chief should
• ensure that the Editorial Board members evaluate the papers in an impartial, unbiased, and independent manner,
• Select new members of the Editorial Board whom he or she thinks can contribute to the Journal and have the required qualifications and characteristics,
• Assign suitable works to the new members of the Editorial Board according to their fields of expertise, and
• regularly communicate and interact with the Editorial Board.

The Relationship between Editors and Readers:
Editors
• should should consider that the published articles are original works and contribute to the readers, researchers, practitioners, and the scientific literature, and
• are obliged to take into account feedback from readers, researchers and practitioners, and to provide explanatory and informative replies.

Ethical Responsibilities of Peer reviewers:
Evaluation of all studies with “double-blind peer review" directly affects the quality of the publication. This process establishes trust as a result of an objective and independent evaluation. With peer reviewers not having to contact authors directly, the evaluation and comments are communicated through the Journal’s management system. By this process, the editor communicates peer reviewers’ comments on the articles and the evaluation forms to the author(s). In this context, the ethical responsibilities required to be undertaken by the reviewers involved in the evaluation process with Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences are specified as follows:
● Confidentiality: Evaluations should be done in an impartial, unbiased, and confidential manner. In line with the privacy policy, peer reviewers must delete/destroy examined works after the evaluation process. They can use final versions of the papers they reviewed only after publication.
● Neutrality: Reviewer evaluations should be objective and constructive. The academic competence of a manuscript should form the basis for a review. Criticism of an author’s personality or character is not acceptable. Nationality, sex, religious belief, political opinion, or commercial concerns should not impair the academic impartiality of the review process. Peer reviewers should state the reasoning and arguments to support their comments in the peer review reports presented by the Editor’s Office. Editors/Associate Editors do not take into consideration biased and personalized evaluations, or unsubstantiated approvals or rejections, and assign new reviewers in such cases.
● Acknowledgement of Sources: Peer reviewers should identify and disclose any relevant published works not specified by the author. A peer reviewer must also bring to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the paper they are commenting on and another previously published work or a manuscript they have knowledge of. If the peer reviewers detect any duplicate publication or simultaneous submission, they should notify the Editor of the case.
● Conflict of Interest: Peer reviewers should not be in any conflict of interest with the research, the author(s), and/or research funders. Peer reviewers should not agree to evaluate articles that may result in any personal or institutional conflict of interest.
● Process Acceleration: Reviewers should agree to review only the works related to their field of expertise. A reviewer who does not find the work assigned to him/her relevant to their field of expertise, feels inadequate to comment, will not be able to present a timely review should inform the Editor about the situation and withdraw from the review assignment.
● Support for the Editor: Peer reviewers should be able to help editors in the decision-making process and also help authors improve texts. In order to improve the academic quality of an article, a peer reviewer’s recommendations for correction are forwarded to the authors, and if requested by the peer reviewers, the corrections made by the authors are forwarded back to them.
Peer reviewers should evaluate articles they have agreed to review within the scope of the specified responsibilities and the stated period of time.

Ethical Responsibilities of the Authors
Manuscripts sent to Beykent University's Journal of Social Sciences should not contain any plagiarism and should be original. Author(s) submitting their manuscripts to Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences are expected to follow and undertake the ethical responsibilities listed below.
• If it is found that a manuscript has plagiarisms, the review process is discontinued. Manuscripts must not breach intellectual property rights of any third persons.
• Provided that they inform the Editorial Board, author(s) can withdraw their manuscript(s) until a publication decision is made for the manuscript(s).
• Author(s) must use non-discriminatory and inclusive language addressing all people regardless of their sex, race, language, faith, culture, class, age, ideas, communities, or sexual orientation.
• They are responsible for crediting all stakeholders of their research. They should also list the person(s) who have made substantial contributions to the study as co-authors.
• All the authors must give their consent for the publication of the paper.
Author(s) should not make any requests to change the order of the authors, or remove or add authors for a manuscript sent for publication.
• Authors are responsible for acting in in accordance with the current copyright laws.
• If asked for any information or data relating to their manuscripts during the review process, authors must submit the information and data to the Editorial Board. They are also responsible for making and then submitting any corrections suggested by the reviewers and editors.
• Authors must clearly state all the sources of funding, and declare any conflict of interest thought to affect the conclusions or interpretation of the paper.
• If author(s) find a serious error or mistake in their published articles, they should immediately contact the Editorial Board on this matter.
Author(s) submitting manuscripts to Beykent University's Journal of Social Sciences are considered to have explicitly agreed to and undertaken the ethical guidelines above of their own free will.

Research Content Requiring an Ethics Committee Approval (Letter of Approval)
• Any qualitative or quantitative studies with data collection using questionnaires, focus groups, observations, experiments, and interviews,
• Clinical research on humans and animals,
• Retrospective studies in accordance with the Law on Personal Data Protection,
• Studies using computer-based tests and audio-visual recording, and
• Studies with informed participants in their case reporting.
If there are informed participants in the study, author(s) should state that all the participants have signed the informed consent forms. Furthermore, if the author(s) use scales, questionnaires, and photographs owned by others, they should get the rightful owner's permission and state in the manuscript that they have such permission. For studies requiring ethical approval, the Methods section and the last page of the manuscript should contain the information regarding the approval (name of the ethics committee, date, and serial number). If the studies falling into the categories above lack an Ethics Committee Approval, the manuscripts submitted shall not be accepted.

Plagiarism and Unethical Practices
All the manuscripts submitted to Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences are scanned on an appropriate software before the publication process. The upper limit of similarity accepted by the Journal is 15% excluding the References. Manuscripts exceeding this limit are reviewed in detail. If deemed necessary, manuscripts are sent back to the authors for revision or correction. If any plagiarism is found in the manuscript, it is rejected for publication. Furthermore, a manuscript is rejected for publication if unethical practices are involved, such as listing any person(s) with no contribution to the conception of the study as authors, or not listing any person(s) contributing to the conception of the study as authors, not declaring that a paper has been written using a thesis/dissertation or a project if that is the case, not disclosing the conflicts of interest, disclosing the double-blind peer review process, and publishing more than one articles from a single study.
Important Note: Researchers who are not members of a university may apply to their local Ethics Committee for their research as well.
Introduction
Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences is a national, scientific and peer-reviewed journal published by Beykent University's Institute of Graduate Studies. Having been a "Peer-reviewed Journal" since 2008, Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences is a biannual journal published in June and December. Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences (BUJSS) is a peer-reviewed journal covering authentic scientific articles from all fields of social sciences, e.g. economics, banking, business administration, finance, psychology, political science, sociocultural anthropology, sociology, history, international relations and cultural studies, communications, comparative literature, languages, and literature, etc. It is a bilingual journal publishing articles written in Turkish and/or English. Authors are not charged any fees in any step of the manuscript review process.

* In accordance with Article 8.1 of the TR Index Journal Evaluation Criteria stating that "an ethics committee approval must be obtained for research conducted in all disciplines requiring an ethics committee approval and this approval must be stated and documented in the relevant article", an ethics committee approval must be obtained.

** The ethics committee's letter of approval must be uploaded as a separate file in addition to the manuscript. Furthermore, both the last page and the Methods section of the article should contain the information regarding the approval (name of the ethics committee, date, and serial number), and also state that ethical principles were observed. 

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The Journal is committed to upholding the highest standarts of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against any publication malpratices. Submitting researches by all authors mean that they assured their manuscripts are original and attest that the submitted papers represent their contributions and have not been copied or plagiarized in whole or in part from other works. All submissions will be checked by iThenticate before being sent to reviewers according to the Journal's Zero Tolerance on the Plagiarism Policy