DİSİPLİNLER ARASI PERSPEKTİFTEN GİRİŞİMCİLİĞE BAKIŞ: İKTİSAT, PSİKOLOJİ VE SOSYOLOJİNİN GÖZÜNDEN GİRİŞİMCİLİK

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 36 - 78, 10.09.2017

Esra Sincer

Öz

Girişimcilik son
dönem üzerinde durulan ve birçok disiplinin ilgi alanı içerisine dahil olan
disiplinler üstü bir alandır. Her disiplin kendi bakış açısıyla girişimciliği
değerlendirmekte olup girişimciliğe ilişkin tek bir tanımlama yapılamamaktadır.
Hakim iktisat teorisinde girişimcilik sürecinden öte girişimcilik
faaliyetlerinin sonuçlarına odaklanılmaktadır. Halbuki iktisat, psikoloji ve
sosyoloji perspektiflerini içeren girişimcilik yaklaşımlarında; girişimciliği
etkileyen iktisadi ve iktisadi olmayan faktörlerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi
mümkün olmaktadır. İktisadi olmayan faktörlerin girişimciliğin temel
belirleyicilerinden olmasına rağmen neo klasik modellerin hata terimleri
kapsamına sığdırılmaya çalışılması, girişimciliği salt iktisadi bakış açısıyla
değerlendirmenin eksikliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Buradan hareketle literatürde
girişimciliği inter disipliner perspektiften değerlendiren çalışma sayısı hızla
artmaktadır. Ancak girişimciliğe ilişkin literatür değerlendirmesi yapan
çalışmalardan büyük kısmı yalnızca tek bir disiplin çerçevesinde konuyu ele
almaktadır. Psikoloji, sosyoloji ve iktisadın girişimcilik yaklaşımına ilişkin
literatür değerlendirmesine dayalı çalışmada, literatürdeki diğer birçok
çalışmadan farklı olarak girişimcilik literatürü bütüncül perspektiften
değerlendirilmiş olmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışmada öncelikle; genel
çerçevede girişimcilik değerlendirmesi yapılmakta sonrasında literatürdeki
çalışmalardan yola çıkılarak sırasıyla hakim iktisat teorisi, psikoloji ve
sosyoloji disiplinlerinin girişimcilik yaklaşımları ele alınmaktadır. Bu yolla
hem inter  disipliner girişimcilik
çalışmaları için hareket noktası oluşturulmuş olmakta hem de literatürdeki
eksiklik tamamlanmış olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Girişimcilik, Kişilik Özellikleri, Sosyal Normlar

Kaynakça

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