What is The Most Effective Time after Caffeine Mouth Rinse Method for Reaction Speed?

Year 2023, , 726 - 743, 31.12.2023

Burcu Aktan Tüzer , Gülbin Rudarlı

https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1314112

Abstract

There are a lot of research examining the effect of caffeine (CAF) consumption in various doses on reaction speed (RS), which is an important component of sportive performance. Studies examining the effect of CAF mouth rinse on the RS are limited and the most effective time after the method has not been researched. The aim of this study is to determine the most effective time after the CAF mouth rinse on the RS. Healthy and trained 31 athletes who voluntarily participated in this repetitive and single-blind designed study performed the RS test in control (without rinsing), placebo (water) and CAF mouth rinse sessions. The RS test was repeated 0-5-10-15-20-25. minutes after the CAF was rinsed in the mouth. Moreover, the physical activity (FA) habits, daily CAF consumption routines, morning-evening characteristics, and sleepiness levels were evaluated with the questionnaires applied to the participants, and the effects of these characteristics on the RS test outcomes were investigated. As a result of Variance Analysis in repeated measurements, RS measured after 10 seconds of rinsing 600 mg (2.4%) of CAF added to 25 ml of water was found to be significantly better than the control and placebo sessions, as well as the RS measured at 10-15-20. minutes from the 5 and 25 minutes. As a result of Two-Way Variance Analysis in repeated measurements, Morning-evening type, FA activity, and daily CAF consumption levels were found to be effective on RT test results. The obtained results suggest that athletes who want to increase the RS can rinse the 2.4% CAF-containing solution in the mouth and may show better RS performance especially between 10-20. minutes after rinsing.

Keywords

Ergogenic method, Visual reaction, Athlete, 7-trimethylxanthine, Mouth wash

Reaksiyon Hızı için Kafein Ağızda Çalkalama Yöntemi Sonrası En Etkili Süre Nedir?

Abstract

Çeşitli dozlarda kafein (KAF) tüketiminin, sportif performansın önemli bir bileşeni olan reaksiyon hızına (RH) etkisini inceleyen çok sayıda çalışma olsa da etki mekanizmasının farklı olduğu iddia edilen KAF ağızda çalkalama yönteminin RH’ya etkisini inceleyen çalışmalar sınırlı sayıdadır ve uygulama sonrası en etkili süre incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada amaç, RH üzerinde KAF ağızda çalkalama sonrası en etkili sürenin belirlenmesidir. Tekrarlı ve tek kör dizaynında planlanan bu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 31 sağlıklı ve antrene sporcu RH testini kontrol (çalkalama yapılmadan), plasebo (su) ve KAF ağızda çalkalama seanslarında gerçekleştirmiş, KAF ağızda çalkalandıktan 0-5-10-15-20-25 dakika sonra RH testi tekrarlanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcılar uygulanan anketler ile fiziksel aktivite (FA) seviyeleri, günlük KAF tüketim miktarları, sabahçıl-akşamcıl olma özellikleri ile uykululuk durumları değerlendirilmiş, bu özelliklerin RH test sonuçlarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Tekrarlayan ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi sonucunda, 25 ml suya eklenen 600 mg (%2,4) KAF’ın 10 sn ağızda çalkalanması sonrası ölçülen RH, kontrol ve plasebo seanslarından, ayrıca 10-15-20. dakikalarda ölçülen RH, 5 ve 25. dakikalardan anlamlı olarak iyi bulunmuştur. Tekrarlı ölçümlerde iki yönlü Varyans Analizi sonucunda, Sabahçıl-akşamcıl tip, FA aktivite ve günlük KAF tüketim düzeyleri RH test sonuçları üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar reaksiyon hızını artırmak isteyen sporcuların %2,4 KAF içeren solüsyonu ağızda çalkalama yöntemini uygulayabileceklerini ve özellikle çalkalamadan sonraki 10-20. dakikalar arasında daha iyi RH performansı gösterebileceklerini düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

Ergojenik yöntem, Görsel reaksiyon, Sporcu, 7-trimetilksantin, Ağızda çalkalama

References

• Antunes, H., Santos, R., Cassilhas, R., Santos, R., Bueno, O., ve Mello, M. (2006). Reviewing on physical exercise and the cognitive function. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922006000200011
• Aslan, C. S., Özer, U., ve Dalkıran, O. (2016). Kız çocuklarında koordinasyon ve reaksiyon özelliklerinin yaş değişkenine göre incelenmesi (Investigation of coordination and reaction characteristics of girls according to age variable). MAKÜ Saglık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 4, 27-33. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/maeusabed/issue/24655/260780
• Bell, D. G., ve McLellan, T. M. (2002). Exercise endurance 1, 3, and 6 h after caffeine ingestion in caffeine users and nonusers. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93(4), 1227–1234. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00187.2002
• Burke, L. M., ve Maughan, R. J. (2015). The Governor has a sweet tooth – Mouth sensing of nutrients to enhance. European Journal of Sport Science(15), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.971880
• Carvey, C. E., Thompson, L. A., Mahoney, C. R., ve Lieberman, H. R. (2012). Chapter 7 - Caffeine: Mechanism of action, genetics, and behavioral studies conducted in task simulators and the field. N. J. Wesensten içinde, Sleep Deprivation, Stimulant Medications, and Cognition (s. 93 - 107). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Clark, I., ve Landolt, H. P. (2017). Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A Systematic review of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials. Sleep Medicine Reviews 31, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006
• Ciucurel, M. (2012). The relation between anxiety, reaction time and performance before and after sport competitions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 33, 885-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.249
• Davis, J., ve Green, J. M. (2009). Caffeine and anaerobic performance: Ergogenic value and mechanisms of action. Sports Medicine, 39(10), 813–832. https://doi.org/10.2165/11317770-000000000-00000
• Deslandes, A. C., Veiga, H., Cagy, M., Piedade, R., Pompeu, F., ve Ribeiro, P. (2004). Effects of caffeine on visual evoked potential (p300) and neuromotor performance. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 62, 385-390. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2004000300002
• Fredholm, B. (1982). Adenosine actions and adenosine receptors after 1 week treatment with caffeine. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 115(2), 283-286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07078.x
• Gam, S., Guelfi, K. J., ve Fournier, P. A. (2014). Mouth rinsing and ingesting a bitter solution improves sprint cycling performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(6), 1648-1657. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000271
• Gautam, Y., ve Bade, M. (2017). Effect of auditory ınterference on visual simple reaction time. Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 15(60), 329-331. Article 30580351 Erişim adresi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580351/
• Glade, M. J. (2010). Caffeine--Not just a stimulant. Nutrition, 26(10), 932–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2010.08.004
• Goenarjo, R., Bosquet, L., Berryman, N., Metier, V., Perrochon, A., Fraser, S. A., ve Dupuy, O. (2020). Cerebral oxygenation reserve: The relationship between physical activity level and the cognitive load during a stroop task in healthy young males. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1406. Article 32098221 https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph17041406
• Guest, N. S., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Nelson, M. T., Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Jenkins, N., . . . Campguest, B. I. (2021). International society of sports nutrition position stand: Caffeine and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 1(18). Article 33388079 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4
• Guest, N., Corey, P., Vescovi, J., ve El-Sohemy, A. (2018). Caffeine, CYP1A2 genotype, and endurance performance in athletes. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 8(50), 1570–1578. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001596
• Gwacham, N., Wagner, D.R. (2012). Acute effects of a caffeine-taurine energy drink on repeated sprint performance of American college football players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 22, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.22.2.109
• Horne, J., ve Ostberg, O. (1976). A Self assessment questionnaire to determine morningness eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International Journal of Chronobiology, 4(2), 97-110. Article 1027738 Erişim adresi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1027738/
• Johns, M. W. (1991). A New method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep, 14(6), 540-545. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
• Lamberg, L. (1999). Brew it or chew it? Military seeks ways to caffeinate. Medical News & Perspectives, 281(10), 885-886. Article 10078467 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10078467/
• Lara, B., Ruiz-Moreno, C., Salinero, J.J., Coso, J.D. (2019). Time course of tolerance to the performance benefits of caffeine. PLoS ONE. 14, Aerticle e0210275. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210275
• Kamimori, G. H., Karyekar, C. S., Otterstetter, R., Cox, D. S., Balkin, T. J., Belenky, G. L., ve Eddington, N. D. (2002). The Rate of absorption and relative bioavailability of caffeine administered in chewing gum versus capsules to normal healthy volunteers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 234(1-2), 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00958-9
• Matsumoto, I. (2013). Gustatory neural pathways revealed by genetic tracing from taste receptor cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 77(7), 1359–1362. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.130117
• McLellan, T. M., A.Caldwell, J., & R.Lieberman, H. (2016). A Review of caffeine’s effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews(71), 294-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016. 09.001
• Patat, A., Rosenzweig, P., Enslen, M., Trocherie, S., Miget, N., Bozon, M.-C., . . . Gandon, J.-M. (2000). Effects of a new slow release formulation of caffeine on EEG, psychomotor and cognitive functions in sleep-deprived subjects. Human Psychopharmacology, 15(3), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1077(200004)15:3%3C153::aid-hup154%3E3.0.co;2-c
• Pauw, K. D., Roelands, B., Knaepen, K., Polfliet, M., Stiens, J., ve Meeusen, R. (2015). Effects of caffeine and maltodextrin mouth rinsing on P300, brain imaging, and cognitive performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(6), 776–782. https://doi.org/10.1152/japp lphysiol.01050.2014
• Pickering, C. (2019). Are caffeine’s performance-enhancing effects partially driven by its bitter taste. Medical Hypotheses, 131. Article 31443771 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109301
• Pickering, C., ve Kiely, J. (2018). Are the current guidelines on caffeine use in sport optimal for everyone? Inter-individual variation in caffeine ergogenicity, and a move towards personalised sports nutrition. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0776-1
• Pomportes, L., Brisswalter, J., Casini, L., Hays, A., ve Davranche, K. (2017). Cognitive performance enhancement ınduced by caffeine, carbohydrate and guarana mouth rinsing during submaximal exercise. Nutrients, 9(6), 589. Article 28598402 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060589
• Ruiz-moreno, C., Lara, B., Gutiérrez-hellín, J., González-garcía, J., Del Coso, J. (2020). Time course and magnitude of tolerance to the ergogenic effect of caffeine on the second ventilatory threshold. Life. 10, 343. Article 33321978 https://doi.org/10.3390/life10120343
• Ryan, E. J., Kim, C. H., Fickes, E. J., Williamson, M., Muller, M. D., Barkley, J. E., . . . Glickman, E. L. (2013). Caffeine gum and cycling performance: A Timing study. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 1(27), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318 2541d03
• Sainz, I., Collado-Mateo, D., ve Coso, J. D. (2020). Effect of acute caffeine intake on hit accuracy and reaction time in professional e-sports players. Physiology & behavior (224). Article 32593750 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113031
• Saville, C. W., Morree, H. M., Dundon, N. M., ve Klein, S. M. (2017). Effects of caffeine on reaction time are mediated by attentional rather than motor processes. Psychopharmacology, 235(3), 749–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4790-7
• Sökmen, B., Armstrong, L. E., Kraemer, W. J., Casa, D. J., Dias, J. C., Judelson, D. A., ve Maresh, C. M. (2008). Caffeine use in sports: Considerations for the athlete. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 978-986. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181 660cec
• Svege, I., Kolle, E., ve Risberg, M. A. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) in patients with hip osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, (13), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-13-26
• Virdinli, S. G., Kutlay, E., Yuzbasioglu, Y., Vollaard, N. B., ve Nalcakan, G. R. (2022). The Effect of mouth rinsing with different concentrations of caffeine solutions on reaction time. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(8), 928-933. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2038893