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BİLİŞSEL VE MOTİVASYONEL UZANIMLARI BAĞLAMINDA TEMEL BİR HEYECAN OLARAK KORKU

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 69 - 81, 02.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.30804/cesmicihan.428634

Abstract

Korku yüksek omurgalıları potansiyel olarak tehlike arz eden,
sonradan öğrenilen ya da doğuştan tanınan, çevresel tehditlerden korumaya
yönelik davranışsal bir savunma sisteminin aktivasyonu olarak tarif edilebilir.
Böyle bir durumda tahmin edileceği üzere canlının sinir sistemi yaşama şansını
arttıracak uygun tepkileri, doğru bir zamanlama içerisinde, ortaya koymak
noktası üzerine yoğunlaşmış bulunmaktadır. İşte bütün bu sürece, birarada,
“korku yaşantısı” denmektedir.  Korku
davranışını tüm aşama ve komponentleriyle ortaya çıkaran mekanizmaları daha iyi
kavradıkça belki de anksiyete bozukluklarına psikobiyolojik olarak eğilimli
olan bireylerde patoloji tablosu ortaya çıkmadan sorunu giderebilecek noktaya
gelebileceğiz.  Bu bağlamda mevcut
değerlendirmede en temel ve bilişsel uzantıları bakımından belirleyici
emosyonel deneyim olan korkunun psikolojik ve psikobiyolojik temelleri ele
alınmıştır.

References

  • Birnbaum S.G, and Davis M., (1998). Modulation of the acoustic startle reflex by infusion of corticotropin-releasing hormone into the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. Brain Research, 782, pp. 318–323.
  • Bocker K.B, Baas J.M, Kenemans J.L,Verbaten M.N (2001). Stimulus-preceding negativity induced by fear: A manifestation of affective anticipation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 43, pp. 77–90.
  • Borszcz G.S., (1999). Differential contributions of medullary, thalamic, and amygdaloid serotonin to the antinociceptive action of morphine administered into the periaqueductal gray: A model of morphine analgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.113, No.3, pp. 612-631.
  • Borszcz G.S, (1995). Pavlovian conditional vocalizations of the rat: A model system for analyzing the fear of pain. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109,pp. 648–662.
  • Boudaba C, Szabo K, & Tasker J.G., (1996). Physiological mapping of local inhibitory inputs to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.16(22), pp.7151-7160.
  • Brandao M.L., Anseloni V.Z., Pandossio J.E., De Araujo J.E and Castilho V.M, (1999). Neurochemical mechanisms of the defensive behavior in the dorsal midbrain. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 23, pp. 863–875.
  • Carrive P., Leung P., Harris J.A and Paxinos G., (1997). Conditioned fear to context is associated with increased fos expression in the caudal ventrolateral region of the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Neuroscience, 78,pp. 165–177.
  • Carrive P., Leung P., Harris J.A, and Paxinos G., (1997). Conditioned fear to context is associated with increased fos expression in the caudal ventrolateral region of the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Neuroscience, 78, pp. 165–177.
  • Davis M., (1998). Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety?.Biological Psychiatry 44, pp. 1239–1247.
  • De Oca B.M.,. DeCola, J.P, Maren S. and M.S. Fanselow, (1998). Distinct regions of the periaqueductal gray are involved in the acquisition and expression of defensive responses. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, pp. 3426–3432.
  • Eysenck, H.J. & Kelley, M.J. (1989). The interaction of neurohormones with Pavlovian A and B conditioning in the causation of neurosis, extinction, and incubation. In “Cognitive Process and Pavlovian Conditioning in Humans”, Ed by G. Dawey, John Willey and Sons pp. 251-272.
  • Fendt M. and Fanselow MS.,(1999). The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 23, pp. 743–760.
  • Graeff F.G, Silveira M.C.L, Nogueira R.L., Audi E.A. and De Oliveira RMW, (1993). Role of the amygdala and periaqueductal gray in anxiety and panic. Behavioral Brain Research, 58, pp. 123–132.
  • Grillon C., Merikangas K.R., Dierker L., Snidman N., Arriagi R.I., Kagan J., (1999). Startle potentiation by threat of aversive stimuli and darkness in adolescents: A multi-site study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 32, pp. 63–73.
  • Grillon C., and Davis M., (1997). Fear-potentiated startle conditioning in humans: effects of explicit and contextual cue conditioning following paired versus unpaired training. Psychophysiology, 34, pp. 451–458.
  • Jansen A.S.P, Farkas E., Sams J.M., Loewy A.D., (1997). Local connections between the columns of the periaqueductal gray matter: A case for intrinsic neuromodulation. Brain Research, vol. 784, pp. 329-33.
  • Koch M., and Schnitzler H.U, (1997). The acoustic startle response in rats - circuits mediating evocation inhibition and potentiation. Behavioral Brain Research, 89, pp. 35–49.
  • LeDoux J.E., (1998). Fear and the brain: Where have we been, and where are we going? Biological Psychiatry, 44, pp. 1229–1238.
  • LeDoux J. E., (1995). Setting stress into motion: Brain mechanims of stimulus evaluation. Neurobiological and clinical consequences of stress: From Normal Adaptation to PTSD, pp. 125-134.
  • LeDoux J.E., Iwata J., Cicchetti P., and Reis, DJ., (1988). Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. Journal of Neuroscience, 87, pp. 2517–2529.
  • Maier F.S, Grahn R.E., Kalman B.A., Sutton L.C., Wiertelak E.P.,&Watkins L.R., (1993). The role of amygdala and dorsal raphe nucleus in mediating the consequences of inescapable shock. Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.107 pp.377-388.
  • Maier F.S., (1991). The midbrain periaqueductal gray as a coordinator of action in response to fear and anxiety. In A.Depaulis and R. Bandler(Eds.) The Midbrain PAG pp.151-173. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Mongeau R., De Oca B.M., Fanselow S., and Marsden C.A., (1998). Differential effects of neurokinin-1 receptor activation in subregions of the periaqueductal gray matter on conditional and unconditional fear behavior in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.112 (5), pp. 1125-1135.
  • Öhman, A.,and Soares, J.F. (1993). On the autonomic nature of phobic fear conditioned electrodermal responses to masked fear-relevant stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol: 27, No: 6 pp. 121-132.
  • Quirarte G.L., Galvez R., Roozendaal B. and McGaugh J.L, (1998). Norepinephrine release in the amygdala in response to footshock and opioid peptidergic drugs. Brain Research, 808, pp.134–140.
  • Sananes C.B., and Davis, M., (1992). N-Methyl-d-aspartate lesions of the lateral and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala block fear-potentiated startle and shock sensitization of startle. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, pp. 72–80.
  • Sananes C.B., Campbell B.A., (1989). Role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in olfactory heart rate conditioning. Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.103, pp.519-525.
  • SandinB., and Chorot P., (1989). The incubation theory of fear/anxiety: experimental investigation in a human laboratory model of Pavlovian conditioning. Behav. Res. Ther. Vol. 27, No 1, pp. 9-18.
  • Schulz D., Canbeyli R.S., (2000). Lesion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis enhances learned despair. Brain Research Bulletin, vol.52(2), pp.83-87.
  • Schulz D., Canbeyli R., (1999). Freezing behavior in BNST-lesioned Wistar rats. In McGinty, J.F., ed. Advancing from the ventral striatum to the extended amygdala: Implications for neuropsychiatry and drug abuse- In honor of Lennart Heimer. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, vol877, pp.728-731.
  • Thayer J.F and Lane R.D, (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, pp. 201–216.
  • Treit D., Aujla H., Menard M.,(1998). Does the bed nucleus of stria terminalis mediate fear behaviors? Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.112(2), pp.379-386.
  • Treit D., Pinel J.P and Fibiger H.C.,(1981). Conditioned defensive burying: a new paradigm for the study of anxiolytic agents. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 15, pp. 619–626.
  • Veinate P., Freund-Mercier M.J., (1998). Intrinsic and extrinsic connections of the rat extended amygdala in vivo electrophysiological study of the central amygdalaoid nucleus. Brain Research, vol.794, pp.184-198.
  • Vianna D.M.L, Graeff F.G, Landeira-Fernandez J. and Brandao M.L, (2001). Lesion of the ventral periaqueductal gray reduces conditioned fear but does not change freezing induced by stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray. Learning and Memory, 8,pp. 164–169.
  • Walker D.L., and Davis M., (2002). The role of amygdala glutamate receptors in fear learning, fear-potentiated startle, and extinction. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 71, pp. 379–392.
  • White, K., Graham, C.,and Davey, L. (1989). Sensory preconditioning and UCS inflation in human “fear” conditioning. Behav. Res. Ther. Vol. 27, No 2, pp. 161-166.
  • Wilhelmus J.A.J., Sneat A., Wjaj B., (2000). Catecholamine systems in the brain of vertabrates: new perspectives through a comparative approach. Brain Research Reviews, vol.33, pp.308-329.
Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 69 - 81, 02.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.30804/cesmicihan.428634

Abstract

References

  • Birnbaum S.G, and Davis M., (1998). Modulation of the acoustic startle reflex by infusion of corticotropin-releasing hormone into the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. Brain Research, 782, pp. 318–323.
  • Bocker K.B, Baas J.M, Kenemans J.L,Verbaten M.N (2001). Stimulus-preceding negativity induced by fear: A manifestation of affective anticipation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 43, pp. 77–90.
  • Borszcz G.S., (1999). Differential contributions of medullary, thalamic, and amygdaloid serotonin to the antinociceptive action of morphine administered into the periaqueductal gray: A model of morphine analgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.113, No.3, pp. 612-631.
  • Borszcz G.S, (1995). Pavlovian conditional vocalizations of the rat: A model system for analyzing the fear of pain. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109,pp. 648–662.
  • Boudaba C, Szabo K, & Tasker J.G., (1996). Physiological mapping of local inhibitory inputs to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.16(22), pp.7151-7160.
  • Brandao M.L., Anseloni V.Z., Pandossio J.E., De Araujo J.E and Castilho V.M, (1999). Neurochemical mechanisms of the defensive behavior in the dorsal midbrain. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 23, pp. 863–875.
  • Carrive P., Leung P., Harris J.A and Paxinos G., (1997). Conditioned fear to context is associated with increased fos expression in the caudal ventrolateral region of the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Neuroscience, 78,pp. 165–177.
  • Carrive P., Leung P., Harris J.A, and Paxinos G., (1997). Conditioned fear to context is associated with increased fos expression in the caudal ventrolateral region of the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Neuroscience, 78, pp. 165–177.
  • Davis M., (1998). Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety?.Biological Psychiatry 44, pp. 1239–1247.
  • De Oca B.M.,. DeCola, J.P, Maren S. and M.S. Fanselow, (1998). Distinct regions of the periaqueductal gray are involved in the acquisition and expression of defensive responses. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, pp. 3426–3432.
  • Eysenck, H.J. & Kelley, M.J. (1989). The interaction of neurohormones with Pavlovian A and B conditioning in the causation of neurosis, extinction, and incubation. In “Cognitive Process and Pavlovian Conditioning in Humans”, Ed by G. Dawey, John Willey and Sons pp. 251-272.
  • Fendt M. and Fanselow MS.,(1999). The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 23, pp. 743–760.
  • Graeff F.G, Silveira M.C.L, Nogueira R.L., Audi E.A. and De Oliveira RMW, (1993). Role of the amygdala and periaqueductal gray in anxiety and panic. Behavioral Brain Research, 58, pp. 123–132.
  • Grillon C., Merikangas K.R., Dierker L., Snidman N., Arriagi R.I., Kagan J., (1999). Startle potentiation by threat of aversive stimuli and darkness in adolescents: A multi-site study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 32, pp. 63–73.
  • Grillon C., and Davis M., (1997). Fear-potentiated startle conditioning in humans: effects of explicit and contextual cue conditioning following paired versus unpaired training. Psychophysiology, 34, pp. 451–458.
  • Jansen A.S.P, Farkas E., Sams J.M., Loewy A.D., (1997). Local connections between the columns of the periaqueductal gray matter: A case for intrinsic neuromodulation. Brain Research, vol. 784, pp. 329-33.
  • Koch M., and Schnitzler H.U, (1997). The acoustic startle response in rats - circuits mediating evocation inhibition and potentiation. Behavioral Brain Research, 89, pp. 35–49.
  • LeDoux J.E., (1998). Fear and the brain: Where have we been, and where are we going? Biological Psychiatry, 44, pp. 1229–1238.
  • LeDoux J. E., (1995). Setting stress into motion: Brain mechanims of stimulus evaluation. Neurobiological and clinical consequences of stress: From Normal Adaptation to PTSD, pp. 125-134.
  • LeDoux J.E., Iwata J., Cicchetti P., and Reis, DJ., (1988). Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. Journal of Neuroscience, 87, pp. 2517–2529.
  • Maier F.S, Grahn R.E., Kalman B.A., Sutton L.C., Wiertelak E.P.,&Watkins L.R., (1993). The role of amygdala and dorsal raphe nucleus in mediating the consequences of inescapable shock. Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.107 pp.377-388.
  • Maier F.S., (1991). The midbrain periaqueductal gray as a coordinator of action in response to fear and anxiety. In A.Depaulis and R. Bandler(Eds.) The Midbrain PAG pp.151-173. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Mongeau R., De Oca B.M., Fanselow S., and Marsden C.A., (1998). Differential effects of neurokinin-1 receptor activation in subregions of the periaqueductal gray matter on conditional and unconditional fear behavior in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.112 (5), pp. 1125-1135.
  • Öhman, A.,and Soares, J.F. (1993). On the autonomic nature of phobic fear conditioned electrodermal responses to masked fear-relevant stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol: 27, No: 6 pp. 121-132.
  • Quirarte G.L., Galvez R., Roozendaal B. and McGaugh J.L, (1998). Norepinephrine release in the amygdala in response to footshock and opioid peptidergic drugs. Brain Research, 808, pp.134–140.
  • Sananes C.B., and Davis, M., (1992). N-Methyl-d-aspartate lesions of the lateral and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala block fear-potentiated startle and shock sensitization of startle. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, pp. 72–80.
  • Sananes C.B., Campbell B.A., (1989). Role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in olfactory heart rate conditioning. Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.103, pp.519-525.
  • SandinB., and Chorot P., (1989). The incubation theory of fear/anxiety: experimental investigation in a human laboratory model of Pavlovian conditioning. Behav. Res. Ther. Vol. 27, No 1, pp. 9-18.
  • Schulz D., Canbeyli R.S., (2000). Lesion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis enhances learned despair. Brain Research Bulletin, vol.52(2), pp.83-87.
  • Schulz D., Canbeyli R., (1999). Freezing behavior in BNST-lesioned Wistar rats. In McGinty, J.F., ed. Advancing from the ventral striatum to the extended amygdala: Implications for neuropsychiatry and drug abuse- In honor of Lennart Heimer. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, vol877, pp.728-731.
  • Thayer J.F and Lane R.D, (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, pp. 201–216.
  • Treit D., Aujla H., Menard M.,(1998). Does the bed nucleus of stria terminalis mediate fear behaviors? Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.112(2), pp.379-386.
  • Treit D., Pinel J.P and Fibiger H.C.,(1981). Conditioned defensive burying: a new paradigm for the study of anxiolytic agents. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 15, pp. 619–626.
  • Veinate P., Freund-Mercier M.J., (1998). Intrinsic and extrinsic connections of the rat extended amygdala in vivo electrophysiological study of the central amygdalaoid nucleus. Brain Research, vol.794, pp.184-198.
  • Vianna D.M.L, Graeff F.G, Landeira-Fernandez J. and Brandao M.L, (2001). Lesion of the ventral periaqueductal gray reduces conditioned fear but does not change freezing induced by stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray. Learning and Memory, 8,pp. 164–169.
  • Walker D.L., and Davis M., (2002). The role of amygdala glutamate receptors in fear learning, fear-potentiated startle, and extinction. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 71, pp. 379–392.
  • White, K., Graham, C.,and Davey, L. (1989). Sensory preconditioning and UCS inflation in human “fear” conditioning. Behav. Res. Ther. Vol. 27, No 2, pp. 161-166.
  • Wilhelmus J.A.J., Sneat A., Wjaj B., (2000). Catecholamine systems in the brain of vertabrates: new perspectives through a comparative approach. Brain Research Reviews, vol.33, pp.308-329.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Temel Alper Karslı

Publication Date July 2, 2018
Submission Date May 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

ISNAD Karslı, Temel Alper. “BİLİŞSEL VE MOTİVASYONEL UZANIMLARI BAĞLAMINDA TEMEL BİR HEYECAN OLARAK KORKU”. Çeşm-i Cihan: Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi E-Dergisi 5/1 (July 2018), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.30804/cesmicihan.428634.

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