TURİST REHBERLİĞİ TEKNOLOJİYE YENİK DÜŞER Mİ? YAPAY ZEKÂ VE ARTIRILMIŞ GERÇEKLİK DESTEKLİ AYASOFYA DİJİTAL REHBERLİK YAZILIMINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ

The original article was published on July 20, 2025. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cusosbil/article/1678218

Erratum Note

DÜZELTME OLARAK makalede Abstract yani İngilizce özet yazılması gerekirken PDF indirildiğinde Abstract kısmının da Türkçe özet yayınlandığı görülmektedir. Bu Abstract kısmındaki özetin aşağıdaki şekilde İngilizce haliyle güncellenmesi gerekmektedir. Artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and metaverse technologies have initiated a digital transformation in tourist guiding by enabling deeper and visually enriched experiences of cultural heritage. However, it remains unclear whether advancements in AI will pose a threat to professional guiding or become components of hybrid models that enhance the overall tour experience. This study aims to reveal professional tourist guides’ perspectives on Voiser Hagia Sophia—an AI-supported AR application introduced at the Hagia Sophia Museum following regulations that temporarily restricted traditional guiding activities. Using a holistic single-case study design, asynchronous e-interviews were conducted with 92 licensed tourist guides, and the data were analyzed through thematic and descriptive techniques using licensed NVivo 20 software. The findings indicate five main thematic dimensions: Irreplaceability, Professional Threat, Technological Advantages, Commodification, and Legal and Ethical Issues. More than half of the guides argue that AI cannot replace human guides due to its limitations in answering tourists’ questions, managing groups, conveying emotions, interpreting cultural heritage, and facilitating interaction. Participants also expressed concern about practices such as directing tourists to the application or promoting guide-free visits, viewing these as part of broader legal and ethical problems. One-sixth of the guides believe that AI will either eliminate the need for human guides in independent tours or reduce job opportunities. Others, however, view AI positively when integrated into hybrid systems, considering it a technological advantage that could support their work. A portion of the guides described the software as a profit-oriented initiative that commodifies both cultural heritage and the guiding profession. İkinci düzeltme olarak ise 365. Sayfada Tablo 1 deki sütun kaymasıdır. İlgili 2 düzeltme dışında sorun bulunmamaktadır.

Abstract

Yapay zekâ, artırılmış gerçeklik (AR), sanal gerçeklik (VR) ve metaverse teknolojileri, turist rehberliğinde dijital bir dönüşüm başlatarak kültürel mirasın görsel zenginliklerle derinlemesine deneyimlenmesini sağlamaktadır. Yapay zekâ teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin rehberlik açısından tehdit mi oluşturduğu yoksa tur deneyimini zenginleştirecek hibrit modellerin bileşeni mi olacağı henüz netlik kazanmamıştır. Araştırma, klasik rehberliği bir süre yasaklayan düzenlemeler kapsamında Ayasofya Müzesi’nde hizmet vermeye başlayan yapay zekâ destekli AR yazılımı Voiser Hagia Sophia’ya ilişkin profesyonel rehber görüşlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bütüncül tek durum desenli araştırmada 92 rehberle eş zamansız e-görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, NVIVO20 yazılımı ile tematik ve betimsel analizlere tabii tutulmuştur. Bulgular, görüşlerin “İkame Edilemezlik, Mesleki Tehdit, Teknolojik Avantajlar, Metalaştırma, Yasal ve Etik Sorunlar” olmak üzere beş boyuttan oluştuğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Rehberlerin yarısından fazlası yapay zekânın turist sorularını yanıtlamada, gurup yönetiminde, duygu aktarımında, yorumlamada ve etkileşimde yetersiz kalacağı öngörüleri nedeniyle insan rehberlerin yerini tutamayacağı görüşündedir. Turistlerin uygulamaya yönlendirilerek “rehbersiz gezilerin’ teşvik edilmesi, rehberliğin bir süre yasaklanması gibi durumlar yasal ve etik sorunlar kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Rehberlerin altıda biri yapay zekânın münferit gezilerde mesleği ortadan kaldıracağını veya iş alanlarını daraltacağını düşünmektedir. Bazı rehberler hibrit sistem olması halinde yapay zekâyı işlerini kolaylaştıracak teknolojik avantaj olarak görmektedir. Rehberlerin bir bölümü yazılımın kültürel mirası ve rehberliği metalaştırılan kâr amaçlı bir uygulama olduğu görüşündedir.

Keywords

• Dijital Turizm
• Yapay Zekâlı Tur Rehberi
• Mobil Turist Rehberi
• Robot Tur Rehberi
• Nitel Araştırma

DOES TOURIST GUIDING SUCCUMB TO TECHNOLOGY? AN ANALYSIS OF VIEWS ON AI AND AR-POWERED DIGITAL GUIDING SOFTWARE AT HAGIA SOPHIA

The original article was published on July 20, 2025. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cusosbil/article/1678218

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and metaverse technologies have initiated a digital transformation in tourist guiding, enabling immersive experiences of cultural heritage through visual enhancements. However, it remains unclear whether AI developments pose a threat to professional guiding or serve as components of hybrid models that enrich tourist experiences. This study explores professional tourist guides’ perspectives on Voiser Hagia Sophia, an AI-powered AR application introduced at the Hagia Sophia Museum following temporary restrictions on traditional guiding. Employing a holistic single-case design, asynchronous e-interviews were conducted with 92 licensed tourist guides. The data were analyzed thematically and descriptively using NVivo 20 software. Findings revealed five key themes: “Irreplaceability, Professional Threat, Technological Advantages, Commodification, and Legal and Ethical Concerns”. Over half of the guides believe that AI cannot replace human guides due to its inadequacy in answering tourist questions, managing groups, conveying emotions, interpreting cultural content, and ensuring interaction. Concerns were also raised about the promotion of guide-free visits and the legal implications of banning guiding. While one-sixth of participants perceive AI as a threat to job opportunities in independent touring contexts, others see hybrid models as beneficial tools. Some guides criticized the software as a profit-driven initiative that commodifies both cultural heritage and the guiding profession.

Keywords

• Digital Tourism
• AI Tour Guide
• Mobile Tourist Guide
• Robot Tour Guide
• Qualitative Research

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