Research Article
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Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1 , 175 - 188 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1816591
https://izlik.org/JA95BF82FH

Abstract

References

  • Archibald, E. (2021, June 05). https://readdurhamenglish.wordpress.com/2014/02/14/baths-of-bliss-in-the-middle-ages-fact-and-fiction
  • Ashenburg, K. (2007). The dirt on clean: an unsanitized history. Knopf.
  • Boccaccio, G. (2016). Decameron. Çev. Göksu Birol, Yason Yayınları.
  • Cartwright, M. (2021, June 13). Toilets in a medieval castle. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1239/toilets-in-a-medieval-castle
  • (2021, June 13) https://ingeniousanimaloracle.com/eries-4-women-washing
  • Chaucer, G. (2018). Canterbury hikayeleri. Çev. Nazmi Ağıl, Y.K.Y.
  • Classen, A. (2009). Urban space in the middle ages and the early modern age. Walter de Gruyter.
  • Coulton, G. G. (1918). Social life in britain from the conquest to the reformation. Cambridge University Press.
  • Frith, J. (2012). Syphilis ıts early history and treatment until penicillin, and the debate on its origins. Journal of Military and Veterans Health, 20(4), 49-56.
  • Genç, Ö. (2021, July 25). Orta çağ Avrupası’nda banyo ve temizlik kültürü. Akademik Tarih. https://www.akademiktarihtr.com/ortacagdatemizlik2
  • Getz, F. M. (1992). The pharmaceutical writings of gilbertus anglicus. Pharmacy in History, 34(1), 17-25.
  • Gies, J. (2015). Life in a medieval castle. Harper Perennial.
  • Green, M. H. (2001). The trotula a medieval compendium of women's medicine. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Groom, N. (1992). The perfume handbook. Springer.
  • Harmer, M. & Stokes, J. (2001). Nasty nature: the awful truth. Parragon.
  • Havlíček, F. (2017). Waste management and attitudes towards cleanliness ın medieval central europe. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 5-26.
  • Herman, E. (2018). The royal art of poison: filthy palaces, fatal cosmetics, deadly medicine, and murder most foul. St. Martin’s Press.
  • Ihsan, S. A. (2007). Chemical analysis and biological activities of salvia lavandulifolia vahl essential oil. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 7(2), 71-78.
  • Karaimamoğlu, K. (2021). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında salgın hastalıklar. Selenge.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2017). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında tıp kültürü ve gelişmeleri. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, 3(2), 44-58.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2023). Tanrı’nın öfkesi: ortaçağ avrupası’nda doğal afetler ve büyük felaketler. Kronik.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2025-a). Kral öldü: kılıç komplo ve kader ingiliz krallarının sonu. İstanbul: Yeditepe.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2025-b). Baltalar ve yasalar: orta çağ avrupası’nda orman tahribatı ve önlemeye yönelik çıkarılan yasalar. Journal of Universal History Studies (JUHIS), 8(1), 1-19.
  • Keene, D. (2001). Issues of water in medieval london to c. 1300. Urban History, 28(2), 161-179.
  • Kuk, N. J. (2014). Medieval european medicine and asian spices. Korean J. Med Hist., (23), 319-342.
  • Morrison, E. (2002). The dorothy dunnett companion. Vintage Books.
  • Mortimer, I. (2008). The time traveler's guide to medieval england: a handbook for visitors to the fourteenth century. Touchstone Books.
  • Newman, P. B. (2001). Daily life in the middle ages. McFarland & Company.
  • Oğuz, E. E. (2022). Orta çağ avrupa’sında temizlik ve hijyen. Oğuz-Türkmen Araştırmaları Dergisi (OTAD), 6 (1), 163-183.
  • Olson, S. (2013). Daily life in a medieval monastery. The Greenwood Press.
  • Public Record Office (1377-1388). Calendar of inquisitions miscellaneous. vol. IV.
  • Rawcliffe, C. (2008). Delectable sightes and fragrant smelles': gardens and health in late medieval and early modern england. Garden History, 36(1), 3-21.
  • Sabine, E. L. (1934). Latrines and cesspools of mediaeval london. Speculum, 9(3), 303-321.
  • Salzman, L. F. (1952). Building in england, down to 1540: a documentary history. Clarendon Press.
  • Schuerl, W. F. (1978). Medieval castles and cities. Cassell Press.
  • Serdar, M. (2018). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında cüzzam. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 109-127.
  • Smith, V. (2007). Clean a history of personal hygiene and purity. Oxford University Press,
  • Spielvogel, J. J. (2014). Western civilization: a brief history. Cengage.
  • Squatriti, P. (1998). Water and society in early medieval italy, ad 400-1000. Cambridge University Press.
  • Talbot, C. H. (1967). Medicine in medieval england. Oldbourne.
  • Thorndike, l. (1920). Medieval europe: ıts development & civilization. G. G. Harrap Limited.
  • Thorndike, L. (1928). Sanitation, baths, and street-cleaning in the middle ages and renaissance. Speculum, 3(2), 92-203.
  • Woolgar, C. M. (2013). The senses in late medieval england. Yale University Press.
  • Wylie, J. H. (1884-1898). History of england under henry the fourth. Longmans-Green.

ORTAÇAĞ AVRUPASI’NDA TEMİZLİK KÜLTÜRÜ

Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1 , 175 - 188 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1816591
https://izlik.org/JA95BF82FH

Abstract

Ortaçağ Avrupası genellikle temizlikten uzak, kirli bir dönem olarak tasvir edilse de bu yargı tartışmaya açık durumdadır. Modern film ve kitapların etkisiyle güçlenen bu olumsuz imajın aksine, dönemin insanları mevcut koşullar içinde temiz kalmaya özen göstermişlerdir. Banyo yapmak, saç ve tırnak bakımı ile diş temizliği gibi alışkanlıklar hem aristokratlar hem de halk arasında mevcuttur. Nehirlerde yıkanmaya çalışan insanların varlığı, çamaşırcı kadınların faaliyetleri ve temizlik malzemelerinin ticareti, temizlik kültürünün gündelik yaşamın bir parçası olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle kraliyet çevreleri ve soylular, banyo ve kişisel bakım hizmetlerini daha sistemli biçimde sürdürmüşlerdir. Bununla birlikte, şehirlerin genel temizliği büyük bir sorun olmaya devam etmiştir. Kanalizasyon altyapısının yetersizliği, sokakların ve su kaynaklarının kirlenmesine yol açmıştır. Nüfus artışı çevresel baskıları artırmış, frenginin yayılmasıyla birlikte hamam kültürü gerilemiştir. Buna karşılık, üst sınıflar arasında temiz kıyafetler, hoş kokular ve dış görünüşe verilen önem giderek hijyenin yerini almıştır. Bu çalışma, Ortaçağ Avrupa toplumunda temizliğin rolünü, kültürel temelleri ve dönemin algıları çerçevesinde ele almaktadır.

References

  • Archibald, E. (2021, June 05). https://readdurhamenglish.wordpress.com/2014/02/14/baths-of-bliss-in-the-middle-ages-fact-and-fiction
  • Ashenburg, K. (2007). The dirt on clean: an unsanitized history. Knopf.
  • Boccaccio, G. (2016). Decameron. Çev. Göksu Birol, Yason Yayınları.
  • Cartwright, M. (2021, June 13). Toilets in a medieval castle. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1239/toilets-in-a-medieval-castle
  • (2021, June 13) https://ingeniousanimaloracle.com/eries-4-women-washing
  • Chaucer, G. (2018). Canterbury hikayeleri. Çev. Nazmi Ağıl, Y.K.Y.
  • Classen, A. (2009). Urban space in the middle ages and the early modern age. Walter de Gruyter.
  • Coulton, G. G. (1918). Social life in britain from the conquest to the reformation. Cambridge University Press.
  • Frith, J. (2012). Syphilis ıts early history and treatment until penicillin, and the debate on its origins. Journal of Military and Veterans Health, 20(4), 49-56.
  • Genç, Ö. (2021, July 25). Orta çağ Avrupası’nda banyo ve temizlik kültürü. Akademik Tarih. https://www.akademiktarihtr.com/ortacagdatemizlik2
  • Getz, F. M. (1992). The pharmaceutical writings of gilbertus anglicus. Pharmacy in History, 34(1), 17-25.
  • Gies, J. (2015). Life in a medieval castle. Harper Perennial.
  • Green, M. H. (2001). The trotula a medieval compendium of women's medicine. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Groom, N. (1992). The perfume handbook. Springer.
  • Harmer, M. & Stokes, J. (2001). Nasty nature: the awful truth. Parragon.
  • Havlíček, F. (2017). Waste management and attitudes towards cleanliness ın medieval central europe. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 5-26.
  • Herman, E. (2018). The royal art of poison: filthy palaces, fatal cosmetics, deadly medicine, and murder most foul. St. Martin’s Press.
  • Ihsan, S. A. (2007). Chemical analysis and biological activities of salvia lavandulifolia vahl essential oil. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 7(2), 71-78.
  • Karaimamoğlu, K. (2021). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında salgın hastalıklar. Selenge.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2017). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında tıp kültürü ve gelişmeleri. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, 3(2), 44-58.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2023). Tanrı’nın öfkesi: ortaçağ avrupası’nda doğal afetler ve büyük felaketler. Kronik.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2025-a). Kral öldü: kılıç komplo ve kader ingiliz krallarının sonu. İstanbul: Yeditepe.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2025-b). Baltalar ve yasalar: orta çağ avrupası’nda orman tahribatı ve önlemeye yönelik çıkarılan yasalar. Journal of Universal History Studies (JUHIS), 8(1), 1-19.
  • Keene, D. (2001). Issues of water in medieval london to c. 1300. Urban History, 28(2), 161-179.
  • Kuk, N. J. (2014). Medieval european medicine and asian spices. Korean J. Med Hist., (23), 319-342.
  • Morrison, E. (2002). The dorothy dunnett companion. Vintage Books.
  • Mortimer, I. (2008). The time traveler's guide to medieval england: a handbook for visitors to the fourteenth century. Touchstone Books.
  • Newman, P. B. (2001). Daily life in the middle ages. McFarland & Company.
  • Oğuz, E. E. (2022). Orta çağ avrupa’sında temizlik ve hijyen. Oğuz-Türkmen Araştırmaları Dergisi (OTAD), 6 (1), 163-183.
  • Olson, S. (2013). Daily life in a medieval monastery. The Greenwood Press.
  • Public Record Office (1377-1388). Calendar of inquisitions miscellaneous. vol. IV.
  • Rawcliffe, C. (2008). Delectable sightes and fragrant smelles': gardens and health in late medieval and early modern england. Garden History, 36(1), 3-21.
  • Sabine, E. L. (1934). Latrines and cesspools of mediaeval london. Speculum, 9(3), 303-321.
  • Salzman, L. F. (1952). Building in england, down to 1540: a documentary history. Clarendon Press.
  • Schuerl, W. F. (1978). Medieval castles and cities. Cassell Press.
  • Serdar, M. (2018). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında cüzzam. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 109-127.
  • Smith, V. (2007). Clean a history of personal hygiene and purity. Oxford University Press,
  • Spielvogel, J. J. (2014). Western civilization: a brief history. Cengage.
  • Squatriti, P. (1998). Water and society in early medieval italy, ad 400-1000. Cambridge University Press.
  • Talbot, C. H. (1967). Medicine in medieval england. Oldbourne.
  • Thorndike, l. (1920). Medieval europe: ıts development & civilization. G. G. Harrap Limited.
  • Thorndike, L. (1928). Sanitation, baths, and street-cleaning in the middle ages and renaissance. Speculum, 3(2), 92-203.
  • Woolgar, C. M. (2013). The senses in late medieval england. Yale University Press.
  • Wylie, J. H. (1884-1898). History of england under henry the fourth. Longmans-Green.

THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE

Year 2026, Volume: 13 Issue: 1 , 175 - 188 , 29.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1816591
https://izlik.org/JA95BF82FH

Abstract

Although Medieval Europe is generally depicted as a period distant from cleanliness and dirty, this judgment is open to debate. Contrary to the negative image reinforced by modern films and literature, people of the period took care to maintain cleanliness within the limits of their circumstances. Practices such as bathing, hair and nail care, and dental hygiene were observed among both the aristocracy and the common people. The presence of individuals bathing in rivers, the activities of washerwomen, and the trade of cleaning products all indicate that cleanliness was an integral part of daily life. In particular, the royal court and the nobility maintained more systematic bathing and personal care routines. However, urban sanitation remained a significant problem. The inadequacy of sewer infrastructure led to the pollution of streets and water sources. Population growth increased environmental pressures, and with the spread of syphilis, the bathhouse culture declined. In response, among the upper classes, the emphasis on clean clothing, pleasant scents, and outward appearance gradually replaced the earlier focus on hygiene. This study examines the role of cleanliness in Medieval European society within the framework of its cultural foundations and contemporary perceptions.

References

  • Archibald, E. (2021, June 05). https://readdurhamenglish.wordpress.com/2014/02/14/baths-of-bliss-in-the-middle-ages-fact-and-fiction
  • Ashenburg, K. (2007). The dirt on clean: an unsanitized history. Knopf.
  • Boccaccio, G. (2016). Decameron. Çev. Göksu Birol, Yason Yayınları.
  • Cartwright, M. (2021, June 13). Toilets in a medieval castle. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1239/toilets-in-a-medieval-castle
  • (2021, June 13) https://ingeniousanimaloracle.com/eries-4-women-washing
  • Chaucer, G. (2018). Canterbury hikayeleri. Çev. Nazmi Ağıl, Y.K.Y.
  • Classen, A. (2009). Urban space in the middle ages and the early modern age. Walter de Gruyter.
  • Coulton, G. G. (1918). Social life in britain from the conquest to the reformation. Cambridge University Press.
  • Frith, J. (2012). Syphilis ıts early history and treatment until penicillin, and the debate on its origins. Journal of Military and Veterans Health, 20(4), 49-56.
  • Genç, Ö. (2021, July 25). Orta çağ Avrupası’nda banyo ve temizlik kültürü. Akademik Tarih. https://www.akademiktarihtr.com/ortacagdatemizlik2
  • Getz, F. M. (1992). The pharmaceutical writings of gilbertus anglicus. Pharmacy in History, 34(1), 17-25.
  • Gies, J. (2015). Life in a medieval castle. Harper Perennial.
  • Green, M. H. (2001). The trotula a medieval compendium of women's medicine. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Groom, N. (1992). The perfume handbook. Springer.
  • Harmer, M. & Stokes, J. (2001). Nasty nature: the awful truth. Parragon.
  • Havlíček, F. (2017). Waste management and attitudes towards cleanliness ın medieval central europe. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 5-26.
  • Herman, E. (2018). The royal art of poison: filthy palaces, fatal cosmetics, deadly medicine, and murder most foul. St. Martin’s Press.
  • Ihsan, S. A. (2007). Chemical analysis and biological activities of salvia lavandulifolia vahl essential oil. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 7(2), 71-78.
  • Karaimamoğlu, K. (2021). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında salgın hastalıklar. Selenge.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2017). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında tıp kültürü ve gelişmeleri. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, 3(2), 44-58.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2023). Tanrı’nın öfkesi: ortaçağ avrupası’nda doğal afetler ve büyük felaketler. Kronik.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2025-a). Kral öldü: kılıç komplo ve kader ingiliz krallarının sonu. İstanbul: Yeditepe.
  • Karaimamoğlu, T. (2025-b). Baltalar ve yasalar: orta çağ avrupası’nda orman tahribatı ve önlemeye yönelik çıkarılan yasalar. Journal of Universal History Studies (JUHIS), 8(1), 1-19.
  • Keene, D. (2001). Issues of water in medieval london to c. 1300. Urban History, 28(2), 161-179.
  • Kuk, N. J. (2014). Medieval european medicine and asian spices. Korean J. Med Hist., (23), 319-342.
  • Morrison, E. (2002). The dorothy dunnett companion. Vintage Books.
  • Mortimer, I. (2008). The time traveler's guide to medieval england: a handbook for visitors to the fourteenth century. Touchstone Books.
  • Newman, P. B. (2001). Daily life in the middle ages. McFarland & Company.
  • Oğuz, E. E. (2022). Orta çağ avrupa’sında temizlik ve hijyen. Oğuz-Türkmen Araştırmaları Dergisi (OTAD), 6 (1), 163-183.
  • Olson, S. (2013). Daily life in a medieval monastery. The Greenwood Press.
  • Public Record Office (1377-1388). Calendar of inquisitions miscellaneous. vol. IV.
  • Rawcliffe, C. (2008). Delectable sightes and fragrant smelles': gardens and health in late medieval and early modern england. Garden History, 36(1), 3-21.
  • Sabine, E. L. (1934). Latrines and cesspools of mediaeval london. Speculum, 9(3), 303-321.
  • Salzman, L. F. (1952). Building in england, down to 1540: a documentary history. Clarendon Press.
  • Schuerl, W. F. (1978). Medieval castles and cities. Cassell Press.
  • Serdar, M. (2018). Ortaçağ avrupa’sında cüzzam. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 109-127.
  • Smith, V. (2007). Clean a history of personal hygiene and purity. Oxford University Press,
  • Spielvogel, J. J. (2014). Western civilization: a brief history. Cengage.
  • Squatriti, P. (1998). Water and society in early medieval italy, ad 400-1000. Cambridge University Press.
  • Talbot, C. H. (1967). Medicine in medieval england. Oldbourne.
  • Thorndike, l. (1920). Medieval europe: ıts development & civilization. G. G. Harrap Limited.
  • Thorndike, L. (1928). Sanitation, baths, and street-cleaning in the middle ages and renaissance. Speculum, 3(2), 92-203.
  • Woolgar, C. M. (2013). The senses in late medieval england. Yale University Press.
  • Wylie, J. H. (1884-1898). History of england under henry the fourth. Longmans-Green.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medieval European History
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tolgahan Karaimamoğlu 0000-0002-7614-4428

Submission Date November 3, 2025
Acceptance Date February 2, 2026
Publication Date April 29, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1816591
IZ https://izlik.org/JA95BF82FH
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karaimamoğlu, T. (2026). THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 175-188. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1816591
AMA 1.Karaimamoğlu T. THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;13(1):175-188. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1816591
Chicago Karaimamoğlu, Tolgahan. 2026. “THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (1): 175-88. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1816591.
EndNote Karaimamoğlu T (April 1, 2026) THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 1 175–188.
IEEE [1]T. Karaimamoğlu, “THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 175–188, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.69878/deuefad.1816591.
ISNAD Karaimamoğlu, Tolgahan. “THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13/1 (April 1, 2026): 175-188. https://doi.org/10.69878/deuefad.1816591.
JAMA 1.Karaimamoğlu T. THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;13:175–188.
MLA Karaimamoğlu, Tolgahan. “THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 175-88, doi:10.69878/deuefad.1816591.
Vancouver 1.Tolgahan Karaimamoğlu. THE CULTURE OF CLEANLINESS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026 Apr. 1;13(1):175-88. doi:10.69878/deuefad.1816591