Farklı Kaya Kütle Özelliklerine Sahip Sahalarda Patlatma Kaynaklı Kaya Fırlamasının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2026, Volume: 28 Issue: 82, 8 - 14, 27.01.2026

Tuğçe Öngen

https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2026288202

Abstract

Patlatma işlemleri, hem madencilik hem de inşaat projelerinde temel kazı yöntemlerinden biridir. Açık ocak madenciliğinde genellikle inşaat projelerine kıyasla daha büyük miktarlarda patlayıcı kullanılır, ancak patlayıcı enerjisinin yalnızca %20-30'u kaya kırma işleminde etkili bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Enerjinin geri kalan kısmı ise yer sarsıntıları, hava şoku ve daha tehlikeli bir sonuç olan kaya (taş) fırlaması gibi istenmeyen çevresel etkilere yol açar. Kaya fırlaması, binalara zarar verebilecek ve hatta ölümcül kazalara neden olabilecek önemli bir güvenlik riski oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, patlatma sırasında kaya fırlaması oluşumuna katkıda bulunan ana faktörleri incelemekte, özellikle yetersiz dilim kalınlığı seçimi ve eksik sıkılama gibi sorunlara odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca, kaya kütlesi özellikleri ile kaya fırlaması arasındaki ilişkinin bu risk üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektedir. Çeşitli patlatma tasarımları ve jeolojik koşullar incelenerek, kaya kütle özelliklerinin anlaşılmasının ve dikkatli planlanmış patlatma parametrelerinin kaya fırlama riskini en aza indirmedeki önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

Patlatma , Çevresel etkiler , Kaya fırlaması

Evaluation of Blast-Induced Flyrock in Sites with Different Rock Mass Properties

Abstract

Blasting operations are a key method for excavation in both mining and construction projects. While open-pit mining typically uses larger amounts of explosives compared to construction projects, only 20-30% of the explosive energy is actually used for breaking the rock. The rest of the energy leads to unwanted environmental effects, including ground vibrations, air blasts, and the more dangerous outcome: flyrock. Flyrock presents a significant safety hazard, capable of damaging buildings and even causing fatalities. This study explores the key factors that contribute to flyrock incidents during blasting, paying particular attention to issues like improper burden selection and inadequate stemming. Additionally, it looks at how the relationship between rock mass properties and flyrock impacts the risk of occurrence. By examining various blasting designs and geological conditions, the study emphasizes the importance of carefully planned blasting parameters and an understanding of rock mass properties to minimize flyrock risks.

Keywords

Blasting , Environmental effects , Flyrock

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