THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT: AN EVALUATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DARFUR CRISIS AND LIBYA INTERVENTION

Abstract

The international military interventions occurred in the 1990s caused a tension between the idea of protecting human rights and the principle of state sovereignty; and the legality of the interventions has become controversial. The Commission (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty) that was established to form a normative consensus put forward its views through the concept of “responsibility to protect” and these views were upheld in the United Nations (UN) 2005 World Summit Outcome Document. Particularly, after the military intervention in Libya in 2011, the concept of the responsibility to protect has come to the fore again. The aim of this study is to discuss whether the responsibility to protect has reached the status of a legal norm. For this purpose, it will be examined why there was not made a military intervention in Darfur but in Libya, and the deductions will be made through this comparison. The study claims that the responsibility to protect has not become a legal norm yet, but a moral one. The interests of permanent members of the UN Security Council and the attitude of regional organizations are the main factors in making a military intervention in relevant cases. The case-based evaluations and absence of a mechanism that would compel the states to a military intervention in necessary circumstances seem to be the deficiencies in this context.

Keywords

• Responsibility to Protect,Humanitarian Intervention,ICISS,Darfur,Libya

KORUMA SORUMLULUĞU: DARFUR KRİZİ VE LİBYA MÜDAHALESİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Abstract

1990’lı yıllarda düzenlenen uluslararası askeri müdahaleler, insan haklarının korunması düşüncesi ile devletin egemenliği ilkesi arasında gerilim oluşturmuş ve bu müdahalelerin hukukiliği tartışmaya açılmıştır. Bu konuda normatif bir konsensüs oluşturmak üzere kurulan komisyonun (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty) “koruma sorumluluğu” kavramıyla ortaya koyduğu görüşler kimi değişikliklerle 2005 Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Dünya Zirvesi’nin Sonuç Bildirgesi’nde kendine yer bulmuştur. Özellikle 2011 yılında Libya’ya yapılan askeri müdahaleden sonra uluslararası kamuoyunda koruma sorumluluğu kavramı tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, koruma sorumluluğunun hukuki bir norm statüsüne ulaşıp ulaşmadığını tartışmaktır. Bunun için Darfur’da neden askeri müdahale yapılamayıp da Libya’da yapıldığı irdelenmekte ve bu karşılaştırma üzerinden çıkarımlarda bulunulmaktadır. Çalışma, koruma sorumluluğunun henüz hukuki bir norm olmadığı, ancak ahlaki bir norm olarak öne çıktığını ileri sürmektedir. İlgili durumlarda askeri müdahalenin yapılmasında BM Güvenlik Konseyi’nin daimi üyelerinin çıkarları ve bölgesel örgütlerin tavrı temel etken olmaktadır. Müdahale seçeneğinin olay bazlı değerlendirme sonucunda gündeme gelmesi ve devletleri gerektiğinde müdahaleye zorlayacak bir mekanizma bulunmaması da bu bağlamda önemli eksiklikler olarak göze çarpmaktadır.

Keywords

• Koruma Sorumluluğu,İnsani Müdahale,ICISS,Darfur,Libya

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