ATTITUDES TOWARDS QUARANTINE IN THE DURING COVID-19: TURKISH ADAPTATION STUDY
Yıl 2021,
Sayı: 28, 84 - 100, 29.10.2021
İsmail Biçer
,
Cuma Çakmak
,
Esra Aydın Göktepe
,
Mehmet Emin Kurt
Öz
The study was carried out with the methodological design method in order to adapt the “Attitude Towards Quarantine Scale” into Turkish and to perform validity and reliability analyzes. Data were collected by online survey method and it was carried out with 858 participants in Turkey. The data were collected with the participant information form and the " Public Attitude Towards Quarantine During The COVID-19 Outbreak ". In order to evaluate the validity of the scale, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed. As a result of the modifications made, it is seen that the fit indices of the model remained within the acceptable limit values. The three-factor structure revealed within the scope of the analysis was also supported by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used to reveal the reliability analyzes of the scale, and the analysis made, the Attitudes Towards Quarantine Scale, is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to reveal the public's attitudes towards quarantine.
Kaynakça
- Ahmad Tauseef ve Hui Jin (2020), “One Health Approach and Coronavirus Disease 2019”. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 4, s. 931-932.
- Ali Inayat (2020), “The COVID-19 Pandemic: Making Sense of Rumor and Fear”. Medical Anthropology, Volume: 39, Issue: 5, p. 1-4.
- Anderson James C. ve Garbing David. W. (1988), “Structural Equation Modeling In Practice: A Review And Recommended Two-Step Approach”, Psychological Bulletin, Volume: 10, Issues: 3, p. 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
- Aydın Göktepe Esra (2020a) “A Phenomenological Research to Determine Individuals' Perception of Distance (Work From Home) Model in Pandemic Period; Public University Example” Journal of Current Researches on Business and Economics (JoCReBE),Volume: 10, Issue: 1, p. 29-42.
- Aydın Göktepe Esra (2020b), “Kriz Döneminde İş Sürdürülebilirliğine Yönelik Yönetim Uygulamaları; Covid - 19 Pandemi Araştırması”, Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, Volume:6, Issue:26, p. 630-638.
- Beaton D. E- Bombardier C- Guillemin- F. ve Ferraz, M. B. (2000), “Guidelines For The Process Of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures”. Spine, Volume:25, Issue: 24, p. 3186-3191.
- Biçer İsmail- Çakmak Cuma- Demir Halil ve Kurt Mehmet Emin. (2020), “Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği Kısa Formu: Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, Volume: 25(Supplement 1), p. 216-225.
- Blendon, Robert J.- DesRoches Catherine M. - Cetron Martin S.- Benson John M.- Meinhardt Theodore –Pollard William (2006). “Attitudes Toward The Use Of Quarantine In A Public Health Emergency In Four Countries: The Experiences of Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, And The United States Are Instructive in Assessing National Responses To Disease Threats”, Health Affairs, Volume: 25, Issue:2, p.15-25.
- Braunack-Mayer Annette- Tooher Rebecca- Collins Joanne E.- Street Jackie M.- Marshall, Helen (2013), “Understanding The School Community’s Response To School Closures During The H1N1 2009 Influenza Pandemic”, BMC Public Health, Volume:13, Issue: 1, p. 344.
- Brooks Samantha K.- Webster Rebecca K.- Smith Louise E.- Woodland Lisa- Wessely Simon- Greenberg Neil- Rubin Gideon James (2020), “The Psychological Impact Of Quarantine And How To Reduce It: Rapid Review of The Evidence”, The Lancet, Volume: 395, Issue: 10227, p. 912-920.
- Büyüköztürk Şener (2002). “Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı”. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, Cilt: 3, Sayı: 32, s. 470-483.
- Cao Shengli- Feng Peihua-Shi Pengpeng (2020), “Study On The Epidemic Development Of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) In Hubei Province By A Modified SEIR Model”, Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Science), Volume: 49, Issue: 2, p. 178-184.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quarantine and isolation. https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/index.html (Erişim Tarihi; 21 Kasım 2020).
- Dhama Kuldeep- Sharun Khan- Tiwari Ruchi- Dadar Maryam- Malik Yashpal Singh- Singh Karam Pal- Chaicumpa Wanpen (2020), “COVID-19, An Emerging Coronavirus Infection: Advances And Prospects In Designing And Developing Vaccines, Immunotherapeutics, And Therapeutics”, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Volume: 16, Issue: 6, p.
- Emiral Emrah- Arslan Zehra- Gülümser Şuayip (2020), “COVID-19 Pandemisi Ve İntihar”, ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, Cilt:. 5, s. 138-147.
- Erdem İzzet (2020). “Koronavirüse (Covid-19) Karşı Türkiye’nin Karantina Ve Tedbir Politikaları”, Electronic Turkish Studies, Cilt: 15, Sayı:4, s. 377-388.
- Ferguson Neil M.- Laydon Daniel, Nedjati-Gilani Gemma, et al. (2020), “Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (Npis) To Reduce COVID19 Mortality And Healthcare Demand (report 9)” Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team.
- Ford Kevin J.-MacCallum Robert C. – Tait Marianne (1986), “The Application of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Applied Psychology: A Critical Review and Analysis”, Personnel Psychology, Volume: 39, Issue: 2, p. 291-314.
- Goodwin Laura D. (1999), “The Role of Factor Analysis in The Estimation Of Construct Validity”, Measurement in Physical Education And Exercise Science, Volume: 3, Isuue:2, p. 85-100.
- Gostin Lawrence O.- Hodge James G. (2020), “Us Emergency Legal Responses To Novel Coronavirus: Balancing Public Health And Civil Liberties”, JAMA, Volume: 323, Issue: 12, p. 1131-1132.
- Gostin Lawrence O. - Bayer Roald – Fairchild Amy L. (2003), “Ethical and Legal Challenges Posed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Implications for The Control of Severe Infectious Disease Threats”, JAMA, Volume: 290, Issue: 24, p. 3229-3237.
- Gregoire J. (2018), “ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition). International Journal of Testing, Volume: 18, Issue: 2, p. 101-134.
- Gu Edward ve Li Lantian (2020), “Crippled Community Governance and Suppressed Scientific/Professional Communities: A Critical Assessment of Failed Early Warning For The COVID-19 Outbreak In China”, Journal of Chinese Governance, Volume: 5, Issue: 2, p. 160-177.
- Hamidouche Mohamed (2020), “COVID-19 Epidemic in Algeria: Assessment of The Implemented Preventive Strategy”, medRxiv. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.20074443v1
- Henwood Anthony F. (2020), “Coronavirus Disinfection in Histopathology”, Journal of Histotechnology, Volume: 43, Issue: 2, p. 102-104.
- Hsieh Ying-Hen, King Chwan –Chuan - Chen Cathy W S. - Ho, Mei- Shang- Hsu Sze- Bi- Wu Yi- Chun (2007), “Impact of Quarantine On The 2003 SARS Outbreak: A Retrospective Modeling Study”, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Volume: 244, Issue: 4, p. 729-736.
- Koo Joel R.- Cook Alex R.- Park Minah- Sun Yinixiaohe- Sun Haoyang- Lim Jue Tao- Tam Clarence –Dickens Borame L. (2020), “Interventions to Mitigate Early Spread of SARS-Cov-2 In Singapore: A Modelling Study” , The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume: 20, Issue: 6, p. 678-688.
- Loeffelholz Michael J. ve Tang Yi Wei (2020), “Laboratory Diagnosis of Emerging Human Coronavirus Infections–The State Of The Art”, Emerging Microbes & Infections, Volume: 9, Issue: 1, p. 747-756.
- Marsh Herbet W. ve Hocevar Dennis (1985), “Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis To The Study Of Self-Concept: First-And Higher Order Factor Models and Their Invariance Across Groups”. Psychological Bulletin, Volume: 97, Issue:3, p. 562-582.
- Mattioli Anna V.- Sciomer Susanna- Cocchi Camilla- Maffei Silvia – Gallina Sabina (2020), “Quarantine During COVID-19 Outbreak: Changes in Diet And Physical Activity Increase The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume: 30, Issue: 9, p. 1409-1417.
- Newman Kira L.S. (2012), “Shutt Up: Bubonic Plague and Quarantine in Early Modern England”, Journal of Social History, Volume: 45, Issue: 3, p. 809-834.
- Nussbaumer-Streit Barbara- Mayr Verana- Dobrescu Andreea Iulia –Chapman Andrea- Persad Emma- Klerings Irma, et al. (2020), “Quarantine Alone or in Combination with Other Public Health Measures to Control COVID‐19: A Rapid Review”, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Voulue: 4, Issue: 4, p. 1-45.
- Pang Xinghuo - Zhu Zonghan- Xu Fujie- et al. (2003), “Evaluation Of Control Measures Implemented In The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak In Beijing, 2003”, JAMA, Volume: 290, Issue: 24, p. 3215-3221.
- Raykov Tenko ve Marcoulides George A. (2008). An Introduction To Applied Multivariate Analysis, Routledge.
- Rocklöv, J. – Sjödin H. ve Wilder-Smith, A. (2020), “COVID-19 Outbreak On the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship: Estimating The Epidemic Potential and Effectiveness of Public Health Countermeasures”, Journal of Travel Medicine, Volume: 27, Issue: 3, p. 1-7.
- Seah Ivan ve Agrawal Rupesh (2020). “Can The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect The Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans And Animals”, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, Volume: 28, Issue: 3, p. 391-395.
- Semenova Yuliya- Glushkova Natalya- Pivina Lyudmila – Khismetova Zaituna., Zhunussov, Yersin- Sandybaev Marat - Ivankov Alexandr (2020), “Epidemiological Characteristics and Forecast of COVID-19 Outbreak In The Republic Of Kazakhstan”, Journal of Korean Medical Science, Volume: 35, Issue: 24, p. e227
- Shen Mingwang- Peng Zhihang- Guo Yuming- Rong Libin- Li Yan- Xiao Yanni- Zhuang Guihua- Zhang Lei (2020). Assessing The Effects of Metropolitan-Wide Quarantine On The Spread Of COVID-19 In Public Space And Households. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume: 96, p. 503-505.
- Song W.- Sawafta F. J. - Ebrahem B. M. - Jebril, M. A. (2020), “Public Attitude Towards Quarantine During The COVID-19 Outbreak.” Epidemiology & Infection, Volume:148, p. 1-6.
- Svoboda Tomislav- Henry Bonnei- Shulman Leslie- Kennedy Erin- Rea Wil Ng, et al. (2004), “Public Health Measures To Control The Spread Of The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome During The Outbreak In Toronto”, New England Journal of Medicine, Volume: 350, Issue: 23, p. 2352-2361.
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. “Koronavirüs, Alacağımız Tedbirlerden Güçlü Değildir”. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,64383/koronavirus-alacagimiz-tedbirlerden-gucludegildir.html. (Erişim tarihi: 11 Mart 2020).
- Tasioulas John ve Vayena Effy (2016), “Public Health and Human Rights”, JAMA, Volume: 316, Isue: 1, p. 103-104.
- Tavşancıl Ezel (2006). Tutumların Ölçülmesi Ve SPSS Ile Veri Analizi. (3. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Tecirli Neşe Direk- Ucuz Gizem- Özel Fatif (2020). “İzolasyon, Karantina, Sosyal Mesafe ve Ruh Sağlığı”, The Bulletin of Legal Medicine, Volume: 25(Sp), p. 33-39.
- Uzunsakal Ece ve Yıldız Doğan (2018), “Alan Araştirmalarinda Güvenilirlik Testlerinin Karşilaştirilmasi Ve Tarimsal Veriler Üzerine Bir Uygulama”. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, s.14-28.
- Wen-Tao Wu- Da-Ning Li- & Lı Li- Feng Ao-Zi- Xu An-Ding- LYU Jun (2020), “Analysis of The Role Of Different Intensity Prevention And Control Measures In The Current Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Infected Pneumonia In Wuhan Based On SIR Model”, New Medicine, Volume: 30, Issue: 1, p. 78-82.
- WHO (2020a). WHO Emergencies press conference on novel coronavirus. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audioemergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-10feb2020-final.pdf?sfvrsn=680faf31_2 (Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2020).
- WHO (2020b), Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Geneva, Switzerland.https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). (Erişim tarihi: 28 Aralık 2020).
- WHO (2020c). WHO director-general's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020, Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. (Erişim tarihi: 11 Aralık 2020).
COVID-19 SÜRECİNDE KARANTİNAYA YÖNELİK TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ: TÜRKÇE UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI
Yıl 2021,
Sayı: 28, 84 - 100, 29.10.2021
İsmail Biçer
,
Cuma Çakmak
,
Esra Aydın Göktepe
,
Mehmet Emin Kurt
Öz
Çalışma, “Karantinaya Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlamasını yapmak, geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini gerçekleştirmek amacıyla, metodolojik tasarım yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Online anket yöntemiyle veri toplanmış ve Türkiye geneli 858 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, katılımcı bilgi formu ve “Covid-19 Sürecinde Halkın Karantinaya Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Ölçeğinin geçerliğini değerlendirmek amacı ile Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan modifikasyonlar neticesinde modele ilişkin uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir sınır değerleri içerisinde kaldığı görülmektedir. Analiz kapsamında ortaya koyulan üç faktörlü yapı Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ile de desteklenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla Cronbach Alpha katsayısı kullanılmıştır ve yapılan analiz Karantinaya Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği halkın karantinaya yönelik tutumlarını ortaya koyma noktasında kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araçtır.
Kaynakça
- Ahmad Tauseef ve Hui Jin (2020), “One Health Approach and Coronavirus Disease 2019”. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 4, s. 931-932.
- Ali Inayat (2020), “The COVID-19 Pandemic: Making Sense of Rumor and Fear”. Medical Anthropology, Volume: 39, Issue: 5, p. 1-4.
- Anderson James C. ve Garbing David. W. (1988), “Structural Equation Modeling In Practice: A Review And Recommended Two-Step Approach”, Psychological Bulletin, Volume: 10, Issues: 3, p. 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
- Aydın Göktepe Esra (2020a) “A Phenomenological Research to Determine Individuals' Perception of Distance (Work From Home) Model in Pandemic Period; Public University Example” Journal of Current Researches on Business and Economics (JoCReBE),Volume: 10, Issue: 1, p. 29-42.
- Aydın Göktepe Esra (2020b), “Kriz Döneminde İş Sürdürülebilirliğine Yönelik Yönetim Uygulamaları; Covid - 19 Pandemi Araştırması”, Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, Volume:6, Issue:26, p. 630-638.
- Beaton D. E- Bombardier C- Guillemin- F. ve Ferraz, M. B. (2000), “Guidelines For The Process Of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures”. Spine, Volume:25, Issue: 24, p. 3186-3191.
- Biçer İsmail- Çakmak Cuma- Demir Halil ve Kurt Mehmet Emin. (2020), “Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği Kısa Formu: Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, Volume: 25(Supplement 1), p. 216-225.
- Blendon, Robert J.- DesRoches Catherine M. - Cetron Martin S.- Benson John M.- Meinhardt Theodore –Pollard William (2006). “Attitudes Toward The Use Of Quarantine In A Public Health Emergency In Four Countries: The Experiences of Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, And The United States Are Instructive in Assessing National Responses To Disease Threats”, Health Affairs, Volume: 25, Issue:2, p.15-25.
- Braunack-Mayer Annette- Tooher Rebecca- Collins Joanne E.- Street Jackie M.- Marshall, Helen (2013), “Understanding The School Community’s Response To School Closures During The H1N1 2009 Influenza Pandemic”, BMC Public Health, Volume:13, Issue: 1, p. 344.
- Brooks Samantha K.- Webster Rebecca K.- Smith Louise E.- Woodland Lisa- Wessely Simon- Greenberg Neil- Rubin Gideon James (2020), “The Psychological Impact Of Quarantine And How To Reduce It: Rapid Review of The Evidence”, The Lancet, Volume: 395, Issue: 10227, p. 912-920.
- Büyüköztürk Şener (2002). “Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı”. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, Cilt: 3, Sayı: 32, s. 470-483.
- Cao Shengli- Feng Peihua-Shi Pengpeng (2020), “Study On The Epidemic Development Of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) In Hubei Province By A Modified SEIR Model”, Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Science), Volume: 49, Issue: 2, p. 178-184.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quarantine and isolation. https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/index.html (Erişim Tarihi; 21 Kasım 2020).
- Dhama Kuldeep- Sharun Khan- Tiwari Ruchi- Dadar Maryam- Malik Yashpal Singh- Singh Karam Pal- Chaicumpa Wanpen (2020), “COVID-19, An Emerging Coronavirus Infection: Advances And Prospects In Designing And Developing Vaccines, Immunotherapeutics, And Therapeutics”, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Volume: 16, Issue: 6, p.
- Emiral Emrah- Arslan Zehra- Gülümser Şuayip (2020), “COVID-19 Pandemisi Ve İntihar”, ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, Cilt:. 5, s. 138-147.
- Erdem İzzet (2020). “Koronavirüse (Covid-19) Karşı Türkiye’nin Karantina Ve Tedbir Politikaları”, Electronic Turkish Studies, Cilt: 15, Sayı:4, s. 377-388.
- Ferguson Neil M.- Laydon Daniel, Nedjati-Gilani Gemma, et al. (2020), “Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (Npis) To Reduce COVID19 Mortality And Healthcare Demand (report 9)” Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team.
- Ford Kevin J.-MacCallum Robert C. – Tait Marianne (1986), “The Application of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Applied Psychology: A Critical Review and Analysis”, Personnel Psychology, Volume: 39, Issue: 2, p. 291-314.
- Goodwin Laura D. (1999), “The Role of Factor Analysis in The Estimation Of Construct Validity”, Measurement in Physical Education And Exercise Science, Volume: 3, Isuue:2, p. 85-100.
- Gostin Lawrence O.- Hodge James G. (2020), “Us Emergency Legal Responses To Novel Coronavirus: Balancing Public Health And Civil Liberties”, JAMA, Volume: 323, Issue: 12, p. 1131-1132.
- Gostin Lawrence O. - Bayer Roald – Fairchild Amy L. (2003), “Ethical and Legal Challenges Posed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Implications for The Control of Severe Infectious Disease Threats”, JAMA, Volume: 290, Issue: 24, p. 3229-3237.
- Gregoire J. (2018), “ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition). International Journal of Testing, Volume: 18, Issue: 2, p. 101-134.
- Gu Edward ve Li Lantian (2020), “Crippled Community Governance and Suppressed Scientific/Professional Communities: A Critical Assessment of Failed Early Warning For The COVID-19 Outbreak In China”, Journal of Chinese Governance, Volume: 5, Issue: 2, p. 160-177.
- Hamidouche Mohamed (2020), “COVID-19 Epidemic in Algeria: Assessment of The Implemented Preventive Strategy”, medRxiv. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.20074443v1
- Henwood Anthony F. (2020), “Coronavirus Disinfection in Histopathology”, Journal of Histotechnology, Volume: 43, Issue: 2, p. 102-104.
- Hsieh Ying-Hen, King Chwan –Chuan - Chen Cathy W S. - Ho, Mei- Shang- Hsu Sze- Bi- Wu Yi- Chun (2007), “Impact of Quarantine On The 2003 SARS Outbreak: A Retrospective Modeling Study”, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Volume: 244, Issue: 4, p. 729-736.
- Koo Joel R.- Cook Alex R.- Park Minah- Sun Yinixiaohe- Sun Haoyang- Lim Jue Tao- Tam Clarence –Dickens Borame L. (2020), “Interventions to Mitigate Early Spread of SARS-Cov-2 In Singapore: A Modelling Study” , The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume: 20, Issue: 6, p. 678-688.
- Loeffelholz Michael J. ve Tang Yi Wei (2020), “Laboratory Diagnosis of Emerging Human Coronavirus Infections–The State Of The Art”, Emerging Microbes & Infections, Volume: 9, Issue: 1, p. 747-756.
- Marsh Herbet W. ve Hocevar Dennis (1985), “Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis To The Study Of Self-Concept: First-And Higher Order Factor Models and Their Invariance Across Groups”. Psychological Bulletin, Volume: 97, Issue:3, p. 562-582.
- Mattioli Anna V.- Sciomer Susanna- Cocchi Camilla- Maffei Silvia – Gallina Sabina (2020), “Quarantine During COVID-19 Outbreak: Changes in Diet And Physical Activity Increase The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume: 30, Issue: 9, p. 1409-1417.
- Newman Kira L.S. (2012), “Shutt Up: Bubonic Plague and Quarantine in Early Modern England”, Journal of Social History, Volume: 45, Issue: 3, p. 809-834.
- Nussbaumer-Streit Barbara- Mayr Verana- Dobrescu Andreea Iulia –Chapman Andrea- Persad Emma- Klerings Irma, et al. (2020), “Quarantine Alone or in Combination with Other Public Health Measures to Control COVID‐19: A Rapid Review”, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Voulue: 4, Issue: 4, p. 1-45.
- Pang Xinghuo - Zhu Zonghan- Xu Fujie- et al. (2003), “Evaluation Of Control Measures Implemented In The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak In Beijing, 2003”, JAMA, Volume: 290, Issue: 24, p. 3215-3221.
- Raykov Tenko ve Marcoulides George A. (2008). An Introduction To Applied Multivariate Analysis, Routledge.
- Rocklöv, J. – Sjödin H. ve Wilder-Smith, A. (2020), “COVID-19 Outbreak On the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship: Estimating The Epidemic Potential and Effectiveness of Public Health Countermeasures”, Journal of Travel Medicine, Volume: 27, Issue: 3, p. 1-7.
- Seah Ivan ve Agrawal Rupesh (2020). “Can The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect The Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans And Animals”, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, Volume: 28, Issue: 3, p. 391-395.
- Semenova Yuliya- Glushkova Natalya- Pivina Lyudmila – Khismetova Zaituna., Zhunussov, Yersin- Sandybaev Marat - Ivankov Alexandr (2020), “Epidemiological Characteristics and Forecast of COVID-19 Outbreak In The Republic Of Kazakhstan”, Journal of Korean Medical Science, Volume: 35, Issue: 24, p. e227
- Shen Mingwang- Peng Zhihang- Guo Yuming- Rong Libin- Li Yan- Xiao Yanni- Zhuang Guihua- Zhang Lei (2020). Assessing The Effects of Metropolitan-Wide Quarantine On The Spread Of COVID-19 In Public Space And Households. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume: 96, p. 503-505.
- Song W.- Sawafta F. J. - Ebrahem B. M. - Jebril, M. A. (2020), “Public Attitude Towards Quarantine During The COVID-19 Outbreak.” Epidemiology & Infection, Volume:148, p. 1-6.
- Svoboda Tomislav- Henry Bonnei- Shulman Leslie- Kennedy Erin- Rea Wil Ng, et al. (2004), “Public Health Measures To Control The Spread Of The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome During The Outbreak In Toronto”, New England Journal of Medicine, Volume: 350, Issue: 23, p. 2352-2361.
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. “Koronavirüs, Alacağımız Tedbirlerden Güçlü Değildir”. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,64383/koronavirus-alacagimiz-tedbirlerden-gucludegildir.html. (Erişim tarihi: 11 Mart 2020).
- Tasioulas John ve Vayena Effy (2016), “Public Health and Human Rights”, JAMA, Volume: 316, Isue: 1, p. 103-104.
- Tavşancıl Ezel (2006). Tutumların Ölçülmesi Ve SPSS Ile Veri Analizi. (3. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Tecirli Neşe Direk- Ucuz Gizem- Özel Fatif (2020). “İzolasyon, Karantina, Sosyal Mesafe ve Ruh Sağlığı”, The Bulletin of Legal Medicine, Volume: 25(Sp), p. 33-39.
- Uzunsakal Ece ve Yıldız Doğan (2018), “Alan Araştirmalarinda Güvenilirlik Testlerinin Karşilaştirilmasi Ve Tarimsal Veriler Üzerine Bir Uygulama”. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, s.14-28.
- Wen-Tao Wu- Da-Ning Li- & Lı Li- Feng Ao-Zi- Xu An-Ding- LYU Jun (2020), “Analysis of The Role Of Different Intensity Prevention And Control Measures In The Current Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Infected Pneumonia In Wuhan Based On SIR Model”, New Medicine, Volume: 30, Issue: 1, p. 78-82.
- WHO (2020a). WHO Emergencies press conference on novel coronavirus. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audioemergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-10feb2020-final.pdf?sfvrsn=680faf31_2 (Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2020).
- WHO (2020b), Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Geneva, Switzerland.https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). (Erişim tarihi: 28 Aralık 2020).
- WHO (2020c). WHO director-general's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020, Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. (Erişim tarihi: 11 Aralık 2020).