Declaration of Publication Ethics
Diyanet İlmi Dergi adheres strictly to both national and international standards of research and publication ethics. It strictly adheres to the regulations outlined in the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works, and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Diyanet İlmi Dergi has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles set forth by esteemed organizations such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA). It also commits to adhering to the decisions made by the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Türkiye Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

1. General Acts Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics:
a) Plagiarism: Presenting partially or entirely one's own work without proper attribution to the original ideas, methods, data, or works of others in accordance with scientific standards,
b) Fabrication: Using non-existent or falsified data in scientific research,
c) Falsification: Distorting research records or obtained data, falsely representing the use of devices or materials not used in the research, distorting or shaping research results in accordance with the interests of the supporting individuals and organizations,
d) Redundant Publication: Presenting redundant publications as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions,
e) Slicing: Dividing the results of a research into inappropriate and fragmented parts in a manner that disrupts the integrity of the research, and publishing them in multiple instances, presenting these publications as separate entities for academic appointments and promotions,
f) Unfair Authorship: Including individuals who have not made an active contribution among the authors or excluding those who have, unjustifiably and inappropriately changing the order of authors, removing the names of those who have made active contributions from subsequent editions of the work, including one's name among the authors through the misuse of influence despite lack of active contribution,

2. Other types of ethical violations are as follows:
a) Neglecting to acknowledge the individuals, institutions, or organizations providing support and their contributions in publications resulting from research conducted with such support,
b) Utilizing theses or studies that have not yet been submitted, defended, or accepted as a source without the permission of the respective owner,
c) Failure to comply with ethical rules in research on humans and animals, ç) Acting contrary to the provisions outlined in the relevant legislation governing biomedical research on humans and other clinical research,
d) Sharing the information contained in a work assigned for review with others prior to publication without obtaining the express permission of the author,
e) Misusing the resources, spaces, facilities, and equipment provided or allocated for scientific research,
f) Making unfounded, unjustified, and deliberate accusations of ethical violations,
g) Publishing data obtained from surveys and attitude surveys conducted as part of a scientific study without obtaining explicit consent from the participants or, if the research is institution-based, without securing permission from the institution,
h) Neglecting to obtain the necessary written permissions from authorized units prior to commencing research and experiments,
ı) Conducting research and experiments in contravention of the provisions outlined in the legislation or international conventions to which Türkiye is a signatory, concerning the relevant research and experiments,
i) Researchers and authorities failing to fulfill their obligation to inform and warn individuals about potential harmful practices related to the scientific research being conducted,
j) Failing to utilize data and information obtained from other individuals and institutions in scientific studies within the permissible extent and manner, disregarding the confidentiality of such information, and neglecting to ensure its protection,
k) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications during academic appointments and promotions, (YÖK Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive, Article
Researches that necessitate Ethics Committee Permission for evaluation in the journal within the framework of ethical rules include:
1. All types of research conducted utilizing qualitative or quantitative approaches that involve data collection from participants through surveys, interviews, focus group studies, observations, experiments, and interview techniques,
2. Clinical research on humans and animals,
3. Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data,

Duties of Publisher
• Publication Guidelines: The Diyanet İlmi Dergi is an international academic and peer-reviewed journal issued quarterly. The Editorial Board of the Diyanet İlmi Dergi convenes regularly for periodic meetings. Submitted articles undergo initial pre-evaluation by the Editorial Board of the Diyanet İlmi Dergi. Articles deemed suitable for review are forwarded to two reviewers for evaluation. If both reviewers provide favorable opinions, the articles are published after the proposed corrections and changes are implemented. If one reviewer deems the article "publishable" while the other considers it "unpublishable," the article is submitted to a third reviewer for further evaluation. If the third reviewer also reports "unpublishable," the article is rejected by the Editorial Board. If the third reviewer provides a "publishable" report, the article proceeds to the editorial review process following evaluation and approval by the Editorial Board. The ultimate decision regarding the publication of articles submitted to the Diyanet İlmi Dergi is made by the Editorial Board of the Diyanet İlmi Dergi.

Authors
Authors must either be PhD students or hold a higher academic title. It is the author's responsibility to ensure that the submitted article makes a meaningful contribution to the academic field. Studies must be original and grounded in research. The responsibility for similarity results lies with the author. The manuscript should not be concurrently submitted to multiple journals and must not have been previously submitted to another journal.
All authors whose names are listed in the article should have contributed to the research. It is unethical in scientific practice to include individuals who have made no academic contribution as additional authors or to prioritize authors based on non-scientific criteria such as title, age, or gender, without considering their contribution order.
Authors submitting manuscripts to the journal are presumed to have thoroughly read and accepted the journal's publication and editorial guidelines. By submitting their work, authors are understood to have pledged to adhere to the expectations outlined in these guidelines.
Citations and references must be comprehensive and accurate. Authors should adhere to the Guidelines on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics, as stipulated by the Council of Higher Education.

Reviewers
Reviewers should recognize that they play a pivotal role in determining the academic quality of the articles to be published in the journal. They should approach their evaluations with a sense of responsibility aimed at enhancing academic quality.
Reviewers should only agree to review manuscripts within their area of expertise, ensuring they can provide an appropriate assessment. They must also commit to maintaining the confidentiality of blind reviewing and safeguarding the details of the manuscript in every respect. Following the article review process, information about the reviewed article should not be shared with others in any manner. Reviewers should solely evaluate the accuracy of the content of the articles and their adherence to academic criteria. The evaluation should not be influenced by any divergence between the opinions expressed in the article and those of the reviewer. Reviewer reports should be objective and impartial, characterized by a measured and balanced tone. Reviewers should refrain from using insulting, belittling, or accusatory language in their assessments. Reviewers should steer clear of superficial and vague statements in their evaluation reports, striving for specificity and clarity instead. In evaluations yielding unfavorable results, it is imperative to explicitly illustrate the deficiencies and shortcomings upon which the outcome is founded. Reviewers are required to evaluate the manuscripts within the designated timeframe allocated to them. If reviewers are unable to conduct the review, they should notify the journal within a reasonable timeframe.

Editors
Editors should only accept manuscripts that will contribute to the specified fields relevant to the journal's policy. Editors should not possess any conflicts of interest or relationships with the authors of accepted or rejected manuscripts. Editors are responsible for maintaining mutual confidentiality by safeguarding the names of both reviewers and authors. Editors should diligently verify the plagiarism scan report of articles submitted for publication, thereby mitigating the risk of academic misconduct. It is the responsibility of the editors to ensure the timely and proper completion of the preliminary review, review, editing, and publishing processes of the articles submitted to the journal. Editors should prioritize academic considerations and criteria when accepting articles for publication in the journal. Note: The above-mentioned code of ethics has been prepared according to the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Republication
A republication refers to the act of publishing the identical article or substantially similar articles across multiple journals. The editor returns articles of this nature without undergoing a review process. The editor might choose to embargo the attempted republication for a specified duration, announce it in the journal where the author previously published (potentially in conjunction with the editor of the previous journal), or implement a combination of these measures.

Simultaneous submission of the same study to more than one journal
Authors are prohibited from simultaneously submitting the same article to multiple journals. Should the editor become aware of a potential simultaneous submission, they retain the prerogative to consult with the editors of other journals to which the manuscript has been submitted. Furthermore, the editor may opt to return the manuscript without conducting a review, reject it without incorporating any received reviews, or make this determination in consultation with the other involved editor(s). Additionally, they may choose to suspend submissions from the authors for a designated period. They may also choose to notify the authors' employers or implement a combination of these measures.

Plagiarism Prevention Control
Plagiarism is to present the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, forms, or works of others as one's own work, either entirely or partially, without appropriately acknowledging the owners in accordance with scientific standards.
Diyanet İlmi Dergi thoroughly scans all submitted articles to prevent any instances of plagiarism. The studies submitted for review undergo plagiarism checks utilizing Turnitin and iThenticate software. The anticipated similarity rate is less than 15%. The primary metric for assessing similarity revolves around the author's adherence to citation and quotation guidelines. Even if the similarity rate appears to be as low as 1%, if citations and quotations are not appropriately referenced, potential plagiarism concerns may still arise. In this regard, authors should familiarize themselves with citation and quotation guidelines and meticulously adhere to them: ISNAD
Unethical behaviors in academic publishing encompass plagiarism, duplication, false authorship, research or data fabrication, article slicing, sliced publication, copyright infringement, and the concealment of conflicts of interest. Any articles that fail to adhere to recognized ethical standards are withdrawn from the publication process. This encompasses articles containing potential irregularities or those in which irregularities are identified post-publication.

Fraud
It is unethical to fabricate data that lacks a basis in research, to modify or manipulate presented or published work using false data, and to present non-existent research as if it has been conducted.
Unethical practices include falsifying research records and data, misrepresenting methods, devices, and materials purportedly used in the research, failing to assess data inconsistent with the research hypothesis, manipulating data or results to conform to particular theories or assumptions, and distorting or tailoring research outcomes to align with the interests of supported individuals or organizations.

Protection of Personal Data of Participants
Diyanet İlmi Dergi mandates that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials pertaining to human participants, which are not legally accessible to the public, undergo formal ethical review.

Handling Allegations of Research Misconduct
Diyanet İlmi Dergi follows COPE's Ethical Toolkit for Successful Editorial Work. The editors of Diyanet İlmi Dergi are committed to implementing measures aimed at preventing the publication of articles that involve plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other forms of research misconduct. Under no circumstance will the editors of the Journal knowingly tolerate such misconduct. If editors become aware of any allegations of research misconduct concerning an article published in their journal, they will adhere to COPE's guidelines regarding such allegations.

Ethics Violation Notifications
Readers can send an email to ilmidergi@diyanet.gov.tr if they identify a substantial error or inaccuracy in an article published in Diyanet İlmi Dergisi or if they have any complaints regarding the editorial content, such as plagiarism or duplicate articles. We welcome submissions as they offer an opportunity for our development, and we commit to providing prompt and constructive responses.

Correction, Retraction, Statement of Concern
If minor errors are detected in the published article that do not impact the findings, interpretations, and conclusions, editors may contemplate publishing a correction. If significant errors or violations are uncovered that invalidate the findings and conclusions, editors may need to contemplate retracting the manuscript. Editors are advised to contemplate publishing a statement of concern in instances where there might be indications of unreliable findings and the authors' institutions have not conducted a comprehensive investigation. Furthermore, if the investigation appears unjustified, inconclusive, or if there is a potential for research or publication misconduct by the authors, it may be suitable to issue a statement of concern. The correction, withdrawal, or expression of concern follows the guidelines outlined by COPE and ICMJE.

Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
Diyanet İlmi Dergi adheres to the principles outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), including the "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and the "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers," to ensure ethical standards in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be adhered to in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval, ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
2) For studies necessitating ethics committee approval, details regarding the authorization (committee name, date, and reference number) must be provided in the method section, and in the case of reports, documentation regarding the signature of the informed consent form must be incorporated into the article on one of the initial or final pages of the article.

Special Issue Publication Policy
Special issues may be published annually at the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for consideration in the special issue undergo an initial Editorial review process. Subsequently, the manuscript undergoes analysis to ensure adherence to the journal's writing guidelines, and a plagiarism check is conducted to prevent instances of plagiarism. Following these initial stages, the manuscript proceeds to the double-blind peer review process.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of Diyanet İlmi Dergi maintain strict confidentiality regarding all submitted manuscripts, ensuring that information about a manuscript is not disclosed to anyone without the authors' explicit permission. During the article review process, the following people can access the articles: Secretaries, Editors, Review, Editorial Board Members. The only circumstance under which details of a manuscript may be shared with a third party without the authors' consent is if the editor suspects significant research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspicions of Scientific Misconduct
Scientific misconduct encompasses various definitions As Diyanet İlmi Dergi, we handle such issues on a case-by-case basis, adhering to the guidance provided by major publishing ethics bodies. They are obligated to take appropriate action if the editor suspects or alleges an ethical violation. This task pertains to both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not outright reject articles that raise concerns about potential abuses. They are ethically obligated to investigate alleged cases. The editor should refer to COPE flowcharts when applicable. Editors should initially seek a response from those suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the response, they should request the relevant employers or organization to conduct an investigation. The editor is required to make all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is conducted. If this process fails, the editor must then make all reasonable attempts to insist on a resolution to the problem. This is a challenging yet crucial responsibility.
Diyanet İlmi Dergi follows COPE's Ethical Toolkit for Successful Editorial Work. The editors of Diyanet İlmi Dergi are committed to implementing measures aimed at preventing the publication of articles that involve plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other forms of research misconduct. Under no circumstance will the Diyanet İlmi Dergi or the editors of the Journal knowingly tolerate such misconduct. If editors become aware of any allegations of research misconduct concerning an article published in their journal, they will adhere to COPE's guidelines regarding such allegations.
Reviewers are encouraged to notify the Editor if they suspect any misconduct in the research or publication. The editor is responsible for conducting the necessary procedures in accordance with COPE recommendations.
Diyanet İlmi Dergi is committed to applying the COPE flowcharts when confronted with allegations of misconduct, encompassing the following or similar matters.
• What to do if a republication is suspected
• What to do if plagiarism is suspected
• What to do if data fabrication is suspected
• What to do if the change of author is requested
• What to do if an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
• What to do if unfair or gift authorship is suspected
• What to do if an ethical problem is suspected in an article
• What to do if the suspicion of ethical violation is directly notified by e-mail, etc.
• What to do if a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints regarding content, procedures, or policies falling under the purview of Diyanet İlmi Dergi or our editorial staff. Complaints offer an opportunity for improvement, and we are committed to responding promptly, courteously, and constructively to address any concerns raised.
The complaint should pertain to content, procedures, or policies that fall under the responsibility of Diyanet İlmi Dergi or our editorial team. Complaints should be directly emailed to ilmidergi@diyanet.gov.tr and they are treated as confidential. The editor endeavors to respond to complaints promptly upon receipt. The editor follows the procedure delineated in the COPE flowchart for addressing complaints.
Complaints are reviewed by the pertinent member of the editorial team, and if resolution proves elusive, the subsequent processes are pursued:
• If the initial response is deemed insufficient, the complainant retains the right to request that the complaint be escalated to a more senior member of the journal.
• If the complainant remains unsatisfied, complaints can be escalated to the editor-in-chief for further review and resolution.
• Efforts will be made to provide a comprehensive response within a timeframe of two weeks, whenever feasible.
COPE publishes a code of conduct for editors of scientific journals. This process aids in resolving disputes with editors, journals, and publishers, but it is only available after the journal's internal complaints procedures have been fully utilized.

Complaint Process
We encourage substantive objections to the judgments made by the editors and reviewers. If you believe that your article was rejected due to a misunderstanding of its scientific content, please send an appeal message to our editorial team at ilmidergi@diyanet.gov.tr. Please refrain from submitting a revised version of your paper at this juncture. If, upon reviewing your letter of objection, we ascertain that your concerns are valid, we may extend an invitation for you to submit a revised version of your article. Consequently, your work will undergo resubmission to the external review process. Please ensure to include as much detail as possible in the letter of objection. Lastly, please note that we can only entertain one objection per article. Therefore, we urge you to dedicate the necessary time and effort to craft a detailed letter to ensure the clarity of your objection. You have one opportunity, so make the most of it. We have observed that extended deliberation regarding rejected manuscripts often proves unsatisfactory for both authors and editors. Therefore, we do not entertain multiple appeals for the same paper.

Conflict of Interest
A conflict of interest occurs when professional judgment regarding a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest, such as financial gain or personal competition. We hold the belief that understanding the competing interests of the authors is essential for making well-informed decisions regarding how to handle an article. Moreover, we maintain that readers should be made aware of these interests if we choose to publish the article.
Any financial or other interests that may potentially lead to conflicts of interest, significantly compromise objectivity, or confer an unfair advantage to any individual or entity must be disclosed. All sources of financial support received during the research's execution and manuscript preparation, along with the sponsors' roles in the study, must be elucidated. If no funding was received, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that necessitate disclosure include consultancies, salaries, and grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed promptly at the earliest feasible stage.
Diyanet İlmi Dergi implements a defined process for managing submissions from editors, staff, or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions will first be forwarded to other journals. If redirecting the submission to another journal is not feasible, the author of the submission will be suspended from further involvement with the journal. These submissions undergo a double-blind peer review process.
The editor should refrain from participating in decisions regarding manuscripts authored by themselves or by family members. Additionally, such a paper should undergo all the standard procedures of the journal. The editor should adhere to the ICMJE guidelines regarding the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Research Ethics Principles
Diyanet İlmi Dergi upholds the highest standards in research ethics and adheres to the international principles of research ethics outlined below. Authors bear the responsibility of ensuring that their articles adhere to ethical rules and standards.
• The principles of integrity, quality, and transparency must be upheld in the design, review, and conduct of research.
• The research team and participants should be thoroughly informed about the purpose, methods, and anticipated potential uses of the research, as well as the requirements and risks, if any, associated with participation in the research.
• The confidentiality of information provided by research participants and the anonymity of respondents must be safeguarded. The research should be designed to safeguard the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should engage in the research voluntarily and should not be compelled to participate against their will.
• Harm to participants must be prevented at all costs. The research should be meticulously planned to mitigate any potential risks to the participants.
• The independence of the research should be clearly and explicitly stated; in cases of conflict of interest, it should be disclosed.
• In experimental studies involving human subjects, written informed consent should be obtained from participants who voluntarily choose to participate in the research. The consent of the legal guardian must be obtained for children and individuals under guardianship or with recognized mental illness.
• If the study is to be conducted within an institution or organization, approval must be obtained from said institution or organization prior to commencing the study.
• In studies involving human participants, the "methods" section should explicitly state that informed consent was obtained from the participants and that ethics committee approval was secured from the institution where the study was conducted.

Publication Principles
1. Diyanet İlmi Dergi is a scholarly and peer-reviewed publication under the auspices of the Presidency of Religious Affairs, encompassing research and review articles in religious and social domains. Our journal is published quarterly, with issues released in March, June, September, and December.
2. Diyanet İlmi Dergi features scholarly works aligned with the mission of the Presidency of Religious Affairs, aimed at enlightening society about religion. These contributions are original, adhere to scholarly standards, and have not been previously published elsewhere. The Editorial Board determines the publication of researches outside of these designated issues.
3. Articles submitted to Diyanet İlmi Dergi undergo preliminary review by the Editorial Board. Following the preliminary review, manuscripts deemed suitable for further consideration undergo evaluation through a double-blind peer review system.
4. Articles are subjected to review by a minimum of two reviewers utilizing scientific methods. For an article to be published, it must receive a "publishable" opinion from at least two reviewers. Articles that receive "unpublishable" opinions from both reviewers will not be published. Following the assessment based on the scientific review reports, the Editorial Board determines whether to proceed with the publication of articles that receive a "publishable" opinion from both reviewers. Additionally, the Board deliberates on whether articles with a negative opinion from one reviewer should be sent to a third reviewer for further evaluation.
5. The Review Commission verifies whether articles, whose review process has been completed, have been revised in accordance with referee correction requests, and whether they adhere to the language and publication principles of the General Directorate of Religious Publications. If the scientific review of the articles yields positive outcomes, the Editorial Board determines the publication priority and scheduling.
6. Actions contrary to scientific research and publication ethics, including plagiarism, forgery, distortion, republication, slicing, and unfair authorship, are regarded as serious violations and may constitute criminal offences. In such instances, the scientific and legal responsibility for the articles rests with the authors. Our journal does not assume any liability.
7. The publication language of the journal is Turkish, with support for Arabic and English languages. With the decision of the Editorial Board, it is possible to include studies in foreign languages in the evaluation process and to publish those that receive positive evaluations upon completion.
8. Authors submitting articles to our journal must either be PhD students or hold a higher academic title. It is imperative to ensure that all listed authors have contributed significantly to the research conducted in the article. It is unethical in scientific practice to include individuals who have made no academic contribution as additional authors or to prioritize authors based on non-scientific criteria such as title, age, or gender, without considering their contribution order.
9. Manuscripts submitted to the journal should not have been previously published in any other publication, nor should they be under consideration for publication elsewhere.
10. The similarity reports of the articles submitted for publication in our journal should be submitted to our journal via the DergiPark system in PDF format. During similarity scans conducted with iThenticate and Turnitin, the "Exclude Small Sources (optional)/Word count" preference should be set to "9 words" and "exclude citations and references." The acceptable similarity rate in plagiarism reports is set at 15%.
11. If the articles are derived from unpublished proceedings, master's, or doctoral theses, this should be indicated on the first page of the study.
12. In the articles to be submitted, the type of article (review, research, commentary, etc.) should be included on the first page.
13 Articles are submitted through the DergiPark article tracking system at https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/did. The first page of the article should include the author's name, title, institutional information (including ROR ID), telephone number, email address, and ORCID number.
14. In surveys and attitude surveys conducted as part of a scientific study, explicit consent from participants or, if the research is to be conducted within an institution, permission from the institution should be obtained. These permissions should be included on the first page of the study.
15. For article submission, authors are required to fill in the Diyanet İlmi Dergi Copyright Information Form available on our DergiPark page. This form should be completed and uploaded to the system with a wet signature.
16. Authors should adhere to the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive outlined by the Council of Higher Education.
17. Only one article per author per year can be published in Diyanet İlmi Dergi.
18. In multi-authored manuscripts, authors should declare their contribution rate and any conflicts of interest. Contribution rates should not be equal among authors. The author with the highest contribution rate should be designated as the first and corresponding author.