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Untersuchung der unternehmerischen Absichten ausländischer Studierende in der Türkei aus der Perspektive der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens

Year 2023, , 128 - 154, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.37583/diyalog.1312823

Abstract

Das Ziel dieser Studie besteht darin, die unternehmerischen Absichten von Migranten- und Flüchtlingsstudenten in Hochschulen in Anbetracht der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens (Theory of Planned Behavior) zu untersuchen. Die Studie basiert auf einem korrelativen Forschungsdesign. Insgesamt 214 freiwillige Migranten- und Flüchtlingsstudenten, die in Ankara, Istanbul und Konya studieren, nahmen an der Studie teil. Das Messinstrument wurde auf der Grundlage von Literaturstudien entwickelt. Die Daten wurden mittels struktureller Gleichungsmodellierung analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine positive Einstellung zum Unternehmertum, eine höhere subjektive Norm und eine höhere wahrgenommene Verhaltenskontrolle mit höheren unternehmerischen Absichten einhergehen. Insbesondere wurde die Einstellung als die wichtigste Einflussgröße auf die unternehmerischen Absichten identifiziert. Das entwickelte Modell erklärt 79% der Veränderungen in den unternehmerischen Absichten. Die Ergebnisse wurden unter Berücksichtigung theoretischer Erklärungen bewertet und es wurden Empfehlungen für die Hochschulpolitik an Universitäten und Forscher abgeleitet.

References

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  • Ajzen, Icek (1988): Attitudes, personality and behavior. Chicago: The Dorsey Press.
  • Ajzen, Icek (1991): The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50(2), 179-211.
  • Ajzen, Icek (2001): Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology 52, 27-58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.27.
  • Anderson, James C. / Gerbing, David W. (1988): Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin 103(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411.
  • Bahadır, Özlem / Çakmak, Ahmet F. (2018): Planlı davranış teorisi çerçevesinde girişimcilik niyetini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi [Determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention within the framework of the theory of planned behavior]. BMIJ 6(1), 166-192. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i1.227.
  • Bahadır, Özlem / Çakmak, Ahmet F. (2018): Planlı davranış teorisi çerçevesinde girişimcilik niyetini etkileyen faktörler [Determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention within the framework of theory of planned behaviour]. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 6(1), 166-192. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i1.227.
  • Barot, Haresh (2015): Entrepreneurship - A key to success. The International Journal of Business and Management 3(1), 163-165.
  • Başol, Oğuz / Dursun, Salih / Aytaç, Serpil (2011): Kişiliğin girişimcilik niyeti üzerine etkisi: Üniversiteli gençler üzerine bir uygulama [The effect of personality on entrepreneurial intention: An application on university students]. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 13(4), 7-22.
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  • Bollen, Kenneth A. (1989): A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research 17(3), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124189017003004.
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  • Browne, Michael W. / Cudeck, Robert (1993): Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Kenneth A. Bollen / J. Scott Long (Hg.), Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 136-162.
  • Büyüköztürk, Şener / Çokluk, Ömay / Köklü, Nilgün (2011): Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik [Statistics for Social Sciences] (7. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Şener / Kılıç-Çakmak, Ebru / Akgün, Özcan E. / Karadeniz, Şirin / Demirel, Funda (2022): Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
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  • Çetinkaya-Bozkurt, Özlem (2014): Planlanmış davranış teorisi çerçevesinde öğrencilerin girişimci olma niyetlerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of students' entrepreneurial intentions within the framework of the theory of planned behavior]. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi 3(1), 27-47.
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  • Croci, Cassidy L. (2016): Is Entrepreneurship a Discipline? Honors Theses and Capstones. 296. University of New Hamspire Scholar’s Repository. https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/296 (Letzter Zugriff: 01.02.2023).
  • Dabić, Marina/ Vlačić, Bozidar/ Paul, Justin/ Dana, Leo-Paul/ Sahasranamam, Sreevas/ Glinka, Beate (2020): Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research 113, 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.013.
  • Dilek, Serkan / Keskingöz, Hayrettin/ Nergiz, Ebru (2019). Ekonomi Okuryazarlığının Girişimcilik Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi [The effect of economic literacy on entrepreneurship intention]. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi 54(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.19.02.1059.
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  • Doanh, Duong Cong / Bernat, Tomasz (2019): Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention among vietnamese students: a meta-analytic path analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. 23rd International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems. Procedia Computer Science 159(2019), 2447–2460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.420.
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Untersuchung der unternehmerischen Absichten ausländischer Studierende in der Türkei aus der Perspektive der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens

Year 2023, , 128 - 154, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.37583/diyalog.1312823

Abstract

Das Ziel dieser Studie besteht darin, die unternehmerischen Absichten von Migranten- und Flüchtlingsstudenten in Hochschulen in Anbetracht der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens (Theory of Planned Behavior) zu untersuchen. Die Studie basiert auf einem korrelativen Forschungsdesign. Insgesamt 214 freiwillige Migranten- und Flüchtlingsstudenten, die in Ankara, Istanbul und Konya studieren, nahmen an der Studie teil. Das Messinstrument wurde auf der Grundlage von Literaturstudien entwickelt. Die Daten wurden mittels struktureller Gleichungsmodellierung analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine positive Einstellung zum Unternehmertum, eine höhere subjektive Norm und eine höhere wahrgenommene Verhaltenskontrolle mit höheren unternehmerischen Absichten einhergehen. Insbesondere wurde die Einstellung als die wichtigste Einflussgröße auf die unternehmerischen Absichten identifiziert. Das entwickelte Modell erklärt 79% der Veränderungen in den unternehmerischen Absichten. Die Ergebnisse wurden unter Berücksichtigung theoretischer Erklärungen bewertet und es wurden Empfehlungen für die Hochschulpolitik an Universitäten und Forscher abgeleitet.

References

  • Ajzen, Icek (1985): From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Kuhl, Julius/ Beckman, Jürgen (Eds.), Action-control: From cognition to behavior. Heidelberg: Springer, 11-39.
  • Ajzen, Icek (1988): Attitudes, personality and behavior. Chicago: The Dorsey Press.
  • Ajzen, Icek (1991): The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50(2), 179-211.
  • Ajzen, Icek (2001): Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology 52, 27-58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.27.
  • Anderson, James C. / Gerbing, David W. (1988): Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin 103(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411.
  • Bahadır, Özlem / Çakmak, Ahmet F. (2018): Planlı davranış teorisi çerçevesinde girişimcilik niyetini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi [Determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention within the framework of the theory of planned behavior]. BMIJ 6(1), 166-192. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i1.227.
  • Bahadır, Özlem / Çakmak, Ahmet F. (2018): Planlı davranış teorisi çerçevesinde girişimcilik niyetini etkileyen faktörler [Determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention within the framework of theory of planned behaviour]. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 6(1), 166-192. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i1.227.
  • Barot, Haresh (2015): Entrepreneurship - A key to success. The International Journal of Business and Management 3(1), 163-165.
  • Başol, Oğuz / Dursun, Salih / Aytaç, Serpil (2011): Kişiliğin girişimcilik niyeti üzerine etkisi: Üniversiteli gençler üzerine bir uygulama [The effect of personality on entrepreneurial intention: An application on university students]. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 13(4), 7-22.
  • Bird, Barbara (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review 13(3), 442-453.
  • Bollen, Kenneth A. (1989): A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research 17(3), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124189017003004.
  • Börü, Deniz (2006): Girişimcilik Eğilimi – Marmara Üniversitesi İşletme Bölümü öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi Yayın No: 733, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayın No: 21, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayınları.
  • Branchet, Bénédicte / Boissin, Jean-Pierre / Hikkerova, Lubica (2017): Modeling entrepreneurship intentions: An essay of typology. Management International 21(2), 109-122. https://doi.org/10.7202/1052691ar.
  • Browne, Michael W. / Cudeck, Robert (1993): Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Kenneth A. Bollen / J. Scott Long (Hg.), Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 136-162.
  • Büyüköztürk, Şener / Çokluk, Ömay / Köklü, Nilgün (2011): Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik [Statistics for Social Sciences] (7. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Şener / Kılıç-Çakmak, Ebru / Akgün, Özcan E. / Karadeniz, Şirin / Demirel, Funda (2022): Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carree, Martin A. / Thurik, A. Roy (2010): The impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth. In D. Zoltan J. Acts/ David B. Audretsch (Hg.), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research, Kluwer Academic, 557-594.
  • Castles, Stephen / De Haas, Hein / Miller, Mark J. (2014): The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world. London: Palgrave Macmillan Press.
  • Çetinkaya-Bozkurt, Özlem (2014): Planlanmış davranış teorisi çerçevesinde öğrencilerin girişimci olma niyetlerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of students' entrepreneurial intentions within the framework of the theory of planned behavior]. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi 3(1), 27-47.
  • Claar, Victor V. / Frey, Robert / Szarucki, Marek / TenHaken, Vicki R. (2012): Hope for the East: Entrepreneurial attitudes of MBA students in two transition economies relative to those in the USA. International Journal of Business Excellence 5(3), 220-237. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2012.046640.
  • Croci, Cassidy L. (2016): Is Entrepreneurship a Discipline? Honors Theses and Capstones. 296. University of New Hamspire Scholar’s Repository. https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/296 (Letzter Zugriff: 01.02.2023).
  • Dabić, Marina/ Vlačić, Bozidar/ Paul, Justin/ Dana, Leo-Paul/ Sahasranamam, Sreevas/ Glinka, Beate (2020): Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research 113, 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.013.
  • Dilek, Serkan / Keskingöz, Hayrettin/ Nergiz, Ebru (2019). Ekonomi Okuryazarlığının Girişimcilik Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi [The effect of economic literacy on entrepreneurship intention]. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi 54(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.19.02.1059.
  • Dinç, Mehmet / Akçakanat, Tahsin (2018): Planlanmış davranış teorisi bağlamında girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde Makyavelist kişiliğin etkisi [The impact of Machiavellian personality on entrepreneurship intention in the context of planned behavior theory]. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi 17(62), 761-780. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.434457.
  • Doanh, Duong Cong / Bernat, Tomasz (2019): Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention among vietnamese students: a meta-analytic path analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. 23rd International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems. Procedia Computer Science 159(2019), 2447–2460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.420.
  • Ekici, Ece / Turan, Mehmet (2017): Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimi: Planlanmış davranışlar teorisi ve girişimcilik eğitiminin rolü [Entrepreneurial inclination of university students: The role of planned behavior theory and entrepreneurship education]. Çukurova University Journal of the Social Sciences Institute, 26(1), 201-215.
  • Ersoy, Ahmet Yağmur / Saygılı, Metin (2018). Dış ticaret girişimcilik niyetini planlı davranış teorisi açısından incelemek: Bir vakıf üniversitesinde potansiyel dış ticaret girişimcileri örneği [Examining the foreign trade entrepreneurship intention from the planned behavior theory: An example of potential foreign trade entrepreneurs in a foundation university. In IV. International Caucasus-Central Asia Foreign Trade and Logistics Congress, Didim/Aydın, 13-28.
  • Eyel, C. Şafak / Kaplan, Burçin / Ünkaya, Gülümser (2020): The effect of individual values on entrepreneurial tendency in Istanbul. Economics and Sociology 13(4), 187-212. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2020/13-4/12.
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  • Henseler, Jörg / Ringle, Christian M. / Sarstedt, Marko (2015): A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8.
  • Hu, Li-tze, Bentler, Peter M. (1999): Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
  • Işık, M., / Çiçek, B. (2020): Planlı davranış teorisi perspektifinden girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde sosyal sermaye öz yeterlilik ve öz saygının rolü [The role of social capital self-efficacy and self-esteem on entrepreneurial intention from the perspective of planned behavior theory]. Turkish Studies-Economics, Finance, Politics 15(1), 185-206.
  • Kalkan, A. (2011): Kişisel tutum, öznel norm ve algılanan davranış kontrolünün girişimcilik niyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir uygulama [The effect of personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention: An application on university students]. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences 14(2), 1-14.
  • Kirzner, Israel M. (1973): Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago Press.
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  • Kocagöz, Elif / Dursun, Yunus (2010). Algılanan davranışsal kontrol, ajzen'in teorisinde nasıl konumlanır? Alternatif model analizleri. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 2, 139-152.
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  • O’brien, Robert M. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality & quantity 41(5), 673-690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6.
  • Park, Heungsik/ Blenkinsopp, John (2009): Whistleblowing as planned behavior – A survey of South Korean police officers. Journal of Business Ethics 85, 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9732-y.
  • Pejvak, Oghazi/ Marie-Louise, Jung/ Peighambari, Kaveh/ Tretten, Phillip (2009): What makes people want to become self-employed? Applying the theory of planned behavior. Advances in Management 2(11), 9-18.
  • Sabah, Senay (2016): Entrepreneurial intention: Theory of planned behaviour and the moderation effect of start-up experience. Entrepreneurship - Practice-Oriented Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.5772/65640.
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  • Tunga, Yeliz/ Engin, Gizem/ Çağıltay, Kürşat (2020): Türkiye'deki Suriyeli çocukların eğitiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar üzerine bir alanyazın taraması [A literature review on problems encountered in the education of Syrian children in Turkey. İnönü University Journal of Education Faculty 21(1), 317-333. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.535845.
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  • Walker-Dalhouse, Doris/ Dalhouse, A. Derick (2009): When two elephants fight the grass suffers: Parents and teachers working together to support the literacy development of Sudanese youth. Teaching and Teacher Education 25, 328-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.07.014.
  • Wu, Sizong/ Wu, Lingfei (2008): The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 15(4), 752-774. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917843.
  • Xiao, Jing Jian/ Wu, Jiayun (2008): Completing debt management plans in credit counseling: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning 19(2), 27-39. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2226510 (Letzter Zugriff: 15.01.2023).
  • Yao, Xiaofang/ Wu, Xiyue/ Long, Dan (2016): University students’ entrepreneurial tendency in China: Effect of students’ perceived entrepreneurial environment. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 8(1), 60-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2015-0021.
  • Yeşilay, Rüstem Barış/ Yavaş, Volkan (2017): Öğrencilerin girişimcilik niyetinin planlanmış davranış teorisi çerçevesinde incelenmesi: Sivil havacılık alanında öğrenim gören önlisans öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma [Examining students] entrepreneurship intention within the framework of the theory of planned behavior: A research on associate degree students studying in the field of civil aviation]. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 6(1), 145-172.
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Examination of the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Foreign Students in Türkiye from the Perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Year 2023, , 128 - 154, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.37583/diyalog.1312823

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the entrepreneurial intentions of migrant and refugee students in universities in the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The study is based on a correlational research design. A total of 214 voluntary migrant and refugee students studying in Ankara, Istanbul, and Konya participated in the study. The measuring instrument was developed based on literature studies. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship, higher subjective norms, and higher perceived behavioral control are associated with higher entrepreneurial intentions. In particular, attitude was identified as the most influential factor on entrepreneurial intentions. The developed model explains 79% of the variance in entrepreneurial intentions. The results were evaluated by taking theoretical explanations into account, and recommendations for higher education policy for universities and researchers were derived from the study.

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  • Kocagöz, Elif / Dursun, Yunus (2010). Algılanan davranışsal kontrol, ajzen'in teorisinde nasıl konumlanır? Alternatif model analizleri. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 2, 139-152.
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  • Liñán, Francisco / Chen, Yi-Wen (2009): Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33(3), 593-617.
  • Maes, Johan / Leroy, Hannes / Sels, Luc (2014): Gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB multi-group analysis at factor and indicator level. European Management Journal 32(5), 784-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2014.01.001.
  • Mei, Hu / Zhan, Zehui/ Fong, Patrick S. W./ Liang, Ting/ Ma, Zicheng (2015): Planned behavior of tourism students’ entrepreneurial intentions in China. Applied Economics 48(13), 1240-1254. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1096006.
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  • Pejvak, Oghazi/ Marie-Louise, Jung/ Peighambari, Kaveh/ Tretten, Phillip (2009): What makes people want to become self-employed? Applying the theory of planned behavior. Advances in Management 2(11), 9-18.
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  • Tunga, Yeliz/ Engin, Gizem/ Çağıltay, Kürşat (2020): Türkiye'deki Suriyeli çocukların eğitiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar üzerine bir alanyazın taraması [A literature review on problems encountered in the education of Syrian children in Turkey. İnönü University Journal of Education Faculty 21(1), 317-333. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.535845.
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  • Wu, Sizong/ Wu, Lingfei (2008): The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 15(4), 752-774. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917843.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Koyuncuoğlu This is me 0000-0002-4068-8386

Özdal Koyuncuoğlu This is me 0000-0002-0740-2702

Publication Date June 15, 2023
Submission Date April 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Koyuncuoğlu, D., & Koyuncuoğlu, Ö. (2023). Untersuchung der unternehmerischen Absichten ausländischer Studierende in der Türkei aus der Perspektive der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens. Diyalog Interkulturelle Zeitschrift Für Germanistik, 11(1), 128-154. https://doi.org/10.37583/diyalog.1312823

www.gerder.org.tr/diyalog