Baryum Sülfatın Ticari Kıvam Arttırıcılarla Hazırlanan Sıvıların Reolojisi ve IDDSI Sınıflandırması Üzerine Etkisi

Behiç Mert; Selen Serel Arslan; Numan Demır; Tuncay Yılmaz

doi:10.58563/dkyad-2025.83.9

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Baryum Sülfatın Ticari Kıvam Arttırıcılarla Hazırlanan Sıvıların Reolojisi ve IDDSI Sınıflandırması Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, beş farklı ticari kıvam arttırıcı ürün kullanılarak hazırlanan sıvılarda, farklı baryum sülfat oranlarının (%0, %20, %30, v/w) reolojik özellikler ve Uluslararası Disfaji Diyeti Standardizasyonu Girişimi (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative, IDDSI) kıvam sınıflandırmaları üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Numuneler, IDDSI Seviye 1, 2 ve 3'e uygun oranlarda kıvam arttırıcı içerecek şekilde hazırlanmış ve viskozite ölçümleri sabit 50 s⁻¹ kayma oranında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Şırınga testi ile 10 saniye sonunda şırıngada kalan sıvı hacimleri ölçülmüş ve IDDSI akış seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Sonuçlar, baryum sülfat oranının artmasıyla birlikte viskozite ve şırıngada kalan sıvı hacimlerinin sistematik biçimde yükseldiğini ortaya koymuştur. Seviye 1 ve 2 olarak formüle edilen karışımlar, %30 baryum içeriği ile IDDSI Seviye 2 ve 3'e geçiş yapmıştır. Seviye 3 olarak hazırlanan numunelerde ise %30 baryum ile Seviye 4 özellikleri gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kıvam arttırıcı oranı %10 ve %20 azaltıldığında bile baryumun varlığında kıvamın hedeflenen seviyeden yüksek kaldığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, baryum sülfatın yalnızca radyopak ajan olarak değil, aynı zamanda sıvıların reolojik profiline doğrudan katkı sağlayan bir bileşen olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, baryum sülfatın yüksek oranlarda kullanılması gerektiği Videofloroskopik Yutma Çalışması (VFSS) gibi uygulamalarda kıvam ayarlaması yapılırken baryum sülfat kaynaklı kıvam artışının da formülde dikkate alınması gerektiği ve bu çerçevede kullanılacak olan kıvam artırıcı miktarının optimize edilmesi gerekliliği ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yutma testi , baryum sülfat , kıvam arttırıcılar , viskozite , IDDSI , disfaji , şırınga testi , VFSS/MBYÇ

The Effect of Barium Sulfate on the Rheology and IDDSI Classification of Liquids Prepared with Commercial Thickeners

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different barium sulfate concentrations (%0, %20, and %30, v/w) on the rheological properties and International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) classifications of thickened liquids prepared with five commercial thickening agents (TUC, NUC, PRA, TUS, NUP). Method: Samples were formulated to meet IDDSI Levels 1, 2, and 3 and tested at a fixed shear rate of 50 s⁻¹, which is widely used in the literature to simulate swallowing behavior in dysphagia patients. Additionally, the IDDSI syringe test was conducted to assess the volume of fluid remaining in the syringe after 10 seconds. Results: The results revealed that increasing barium sulfate concentrations led to a systematic rise in both viscosity and residual syringe volume. Some Level 1 and 2 formulations shifted to higher IDDSI levels (Level 2 or 3) when barium was added at 30%. Level 3 formulations often reached Level 4, with no visible flow at all. Conclusion: These findings highlight that barium sulfate acts not only as a radiopaque agent but also as a physical modifier that significantly affects fluid flow behavior. Even with a 10% or 20% reduction in thickener concentration, the impact of barium was not completely offset in some formulations. Particularly with xanthan-based products, the increase in viscosity due to barium was more pronounced. These results underline the need for formulation-specific calibration of barium-containing liquids used in VFSS procedures to ensure alignment with real-life dietary recommendations.

Keywords

swallowing test , barium sulfate , thickened liquids , viscosity , IDDSI , VFSS , dysphagia , commercial thickeners

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Speech Pathology , Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Behiç Mert
0000-0001-8450-8810
Türkiye

Selen Serel Arslan
0000-0002-2463-7503
Türkiye

Numan Demır
0000-0001-6308-0237
Türkiye

Tuncay Yılmaz ^*
0000-0001-8756-2724
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

August 3, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 31, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.58563/dkyad-2025.83.9

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA63HY46TP

APA

Mert, B., Serel Arslan, S., Demır, N., & Yılmaz, T. (2025). Baryum Sülfatın Ticari Kıvam Arttırıcılarla Hazırlanan Sıvıların Reolojisi ve IDDSI Sınıflandırması Üzerine Etkisi. Dil Konuşma Ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(3), 403-430. https://doi.org/10.58563/dkyad-2025.83.9

DKYAD is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Baryum Sülfatın Ticari Kıvam Arttırıcılarla Hazırlanan Sıvıların Reolojisi ve IDDSI Sınıflandırması Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Effect of Barium Sulfate on the Rheology and IDDSI Classification of Liquids Prepared with Commercial Thickeners

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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