THE NEXUS BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, GREEN ENERGY, AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY IN BRICS COUNTRIES: A HETEROGENEOUS PANEL CAUSALITY APPROACH

Abstract

Reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires a dramatic balance of economic growth, environmental limits, and social well-being. This approach has transformed sustainable development into a multidimensional issue rather than a strictly macroeconomic one. To examine this dynamic, this study employs a novel index that combines human development and ecological impact, spanning annual data from the BRICS economies from 1992 to 2022. Accordingly, it applies a heterogeneous panel methodology that explicitly controls for cross-sectional dependence and slope-parameter heterogeneity. Empirical findings reveal country-specific patterns. Initially in China, green energy drives sustainable development, and there is strong unidirectional causality from sustainable development to green technology. In India, sustainable development and green energy influence each other mutually. By contrast, Brazil and South Africa display bidirectional causality from sustainable development to green technology. Russia also shows that there is bidirectional causality from green technology to sustainable development. Ultimately, this study fills a critical gap in the literature by clarifying how the green transition supports overall sustainable development. The results provide practical insights for policymakers on effective long-term sustainability strategies and precautions.

Keywords

• Sustainable Development
• Environmental Sustainibility
• Green Energy
• Green Technology
• BRICS

Supporting Institution

There is no supporting organisation.

Ethical Statement

As secondary data has been used, no ethical declaration is required.

BRICS ÜLKELERİNDE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA, YEŞİL ENERJİ VE YEŞİL TEKNOLOJİ İLİŞKİSİ: HETEROJEN PANEL NEDENSELLİK YAKLAŞIMI

Abstract

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri’ne (SKH) ulaşmak, ekonomik büyüme, çevresel sınırlar ve sosyal refah arasında hassas bir denge kurulmasını gerektirir. Bu yaklaşım, sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı sadece makroekonomik bir mesele olmaktan çıkarıp çok boyutlu bir konuya dönüştürmüştür. Bu dinamiği incelemek amacıyla bu çalışma, insani gelişme ile ekolojik etkiyi birleştiren ve 1992’den 2022’ye kadar BRICS ekonomilerine ait yıllık verileri kapsayan yeni bir endeks kullanmaktadır. Buna uygun olarak, çalışma, kesitsel bağımlılığı ve eğim parametresi heterojenliğini kontrol eden heterojen panel metodolojisini uygulamaktadır. Ampirik bulgular, ülkeye özgü farklılıkları ortaya koymaktadır. İlk olarak, Çin’de yeşil enerji, sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı yönlendirmektedir ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmadan yeşil teknolojiye doğru güçlü tek yönlü bir nedensellik mevcuttur. Hindistan’da ise sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve yeşil enerji birbirlerini karşılıklı olarak etkilemektedir. Buna karşılık, Brezilya ve Güney Afrika’da sürdürülebilir kalkınmadan yeşil teknolojiye doğru çift yönlü bir nedensellik görülmektedir. Rusya’da da yeşil teknolojiden sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya doğru çift yönlü bir nedensellik olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma yeşil dönüşümün genel sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı nasıl desteklediğine ilişkin literatürdeki kritik bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, politika yapıcılar için etkili uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirlik stratejileri ve önlemler konusunda pratik içgörüler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
• Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik
• Yeşil Enerji
• Yeşil Teknoloji
• BRICS

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen herhangi bir kurum bulunmamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

İkincil verilere başvurulduğundan etik beyana ihtiyaç duyulmamaktadır.

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