İçme Suları ve Gıdalarda Mikroplastikler

Year 2022, , 110 - 115, 31.12.2022

Meryem Akhan , Burcu Çakmak Sancar , Muhsin Öztürk , Özer Ergün

https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1133789

Abstract

Dünya üzerinde kalabalık nüfuslu ve sanayileşmiş bölgelerde karasal kaynaklardan gelen çok fazla miktarda plastik çöpler bulunmaktadır. Öyle ki, bilim insanları içinde bulunduğumuz Antroposen dönemde “Plastik Çağ’a” girildiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Hava, rüzgâr ve akarsu hareketleri gibi doğal yollarla çevreye ve su kaynaklarına bulaşabilen mikro plastikler 5 mm’den küçük veya 5 mm büyüklüğünde olan suda çözünmeyen katı polimer partiküller olarak tanımlanmışlardır. Mikro plastikler büyüklüklerine göre; küçük mikro plastikler (<1 mm) ve büyük (2–5 mm) olmak üzere iki sınıfa ayrılırlar. Birçok bilim insanı mikro plastiklerin deniz ve tatlı su ekosistemlerindeki çeşitli su ürünlerini (istiridyeler, fulmarlar, midye, deniz ve tatlı su balıkları vb.) etkilediğini bildirmişlerdir. Ayrıca deniz, göl ve kaya tuzlarında mikro plastiklerin kontaminasyon seviyesi bazı araştırmacılar tarafından 7-681 madde/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Nano ve mikro plastikler insan besin zincirine özellikle su ürünleri ile beslenme yoluyla ve/veya inhalasyon yoluyla girebilmektedir. Bisfenol A (BPA) ve ftalatlar yutulduğunda veya solunduğunda insan sağlığına zarar verebilecek endokrin bozucular olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Ancak mikro plastiklerin insan sağlığı üzerinde doğrudan toksik bir etkiye sahip olduğunu kesin olarak belirlemenin zor olduğu bildirilmektedir. ABD, İngiltere, Kanada ve Avustralya başta olmak üzere 2018 yılı itibariyle de neredeyse tüm ülkelerde kozmetiklere eklenen mikro boncukların kullanılması yasaklanmıştır. Sularda mikro plastik kirliliğini önlemede; atık su arıtma tesislerine bir Ultrafiltrasyon ünitesi eklenmesinin ve çamaşır makinalarının sentetik tekstil iplikçiklerini tutacak bir üniteyle donatılmasının mikro plastik sorununu önemli bir ölçüde çözeceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Mikroplastik, Gıda, İçme suyu

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