Bölgesel Kalkınmada Kamu Yatırımlarının Rolü: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kamu yatırımları ve iktisadi kalkınma ilişkisinin kuramsal çerçevesini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, kamu sermayesi ve iktisadi kalkınmaya ilişkin kuramsal ve ampirik literatür incelenerek, konunun 1950 lerden günümüze değin uzanan yol haritası oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bölgesel ekonomilerin gelişme deneyimlerinde devletin rolü tartışmaları, 1950’lerden günümüze değin çeşitli okulların katkısıyla evrilerek, kamu yatırımlarının hangi ölçüt ve kriterlere göre yapılması gerektiği sorusu etrafında odaklanmıştır. “Yeni bölgesel kalkınma” anlayışına göre, sosyal altyapıyı ve teknolojik ilerlemeyi geliştirecek yatırımlar, en az fiziki altyapı yatırımları kadar önemlidir. Diğer yandan, çeşitli önemli ayrıntılarda birbiriyle uyuşsun veya uyuşmasın, kamu yatırımlarının ekonomideki rolü tartışmalarının odağı bağımsız tek tek şirketlerin ya da yatırımların kendi içinde karlılığı değil ileri ve geri bağlantılarıyla şirketler, sektörler ve hatta ekonomi dışı kurumlar arasındaki dışsallıklar ve karşılıklı etkileşimleridir. Bu anlamda, kamu yatırımları ve kalkınma ilişkisinin farklı kavramlar ve yaklaşımlarla da olsa hep yinelenen paradigmatik çerçevesi ve ekonomik kalkınma eksenli tartışmalara çok önemli katkısı bu etkileşimler, yeni yatırımları uyarma potansiyelleri ve bunların yol açtığı birikimli nedenselliklerin temel tartışma zeminini oluşturmasıdır

Keywords

• Kamu yatırımları, kamu sermayesi, kamu yatırım kriterleri, birikimli nedensellikler, bölgesel kalkınma

The Role of Public Investments in Regional Development: A Theoretical Review

Abstract

The aim of this study is to inquire into the theoretical background between public investments and economic development. To this purpose, we have conducted a detailed review of the literature on public capital and economic growth and tried to work out a road map of its progress from the birth of ‘development economics’ in the 1950’s to the present focus on ‘regional development’. According to the new regional development paradigm, investments for developing social infrastructure and human capital are at least as important as those for physical infrastructure. On the other hand, regardless of their agreement or disagreements, rather than focusing on the profitability of autonomous single firms in isolation, it is the significance of forward and backward linkages and cumulative effect of the interactions between firms, sectors of the economy as well as the dependency of economic growth on institutions that constitutes the common ground. Therefore one recurrent theme, albeit formulated and appearing in different concepts in the various approaches on the relationship between public investments and development, is the emphasis on the inducement potentials, externalities and interactions as a whole determining the fundamental ground and the paradigmatic frame of the debates on economic development

Keywords

• Public Investments, public capital, public investment criterias, cummulative causations, regional development

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