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The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators

Year 2012, Volume: 12 Özel Sayı, 41 - 53, 01.11.2012

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the motives and points of attachment of the professional football team spectators. Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption and Points of Attachment Index have been used in this study. 311 football spectators (Göztepe SC = 198, Karşıyaka SC = 113) participated in the study. On the first phase of the research the validity and reliability of both measurement tools have been tested on professional football teams’ spectators. Confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated that the original models of the measurement tools employed for the study showed an acceptable degree of fit with the data. Considering the general sample, the social interaction subscale stands out with the motives; whereas the team subscale stands out with the points of attachment. However, when analysis is being performed separately on the team basis, it has seen that different sub-dimensions have come forward. Given this finding regarding the necessity of formulating marketing strategies for professional football team spectators on a team basis was extremely important. In this respect, canonical correlation analyses of both team spectators were calculated separately. As the result of the analyses, five statistically meaningful functions for Göztepe SC professional football team’s spectators; two statistically meaningful functions for Karşıyaka SC professional football team’s spectators were determined

References

  • Chau, P.Y.K. (1997) “Reexamining a Model for Evaluating Information Success Using a Structural Marketing, 2nd Edition, Human Kinetics, Champaign. Equation Modeling Approach” Decision Sciences, 28(2):309-334.
  • Cunningham, G.B. ve Kwon, H. (2003) “The Theory of Planned Behavior and Intentions to Attend a Sport Event” Sport Management Review, 6:127-145.
  • Courneya, K.S. ve Carron, A.V. (1992) “The Home Advantage in Sport Competitions: A Literature Review” Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 14:13-27.
  • Fisher R.L. ve Wakefield, K. (1998) “Factors Leading to Group Identification: A Field Study of Winners and Losers” Psychology and Marketing, 15:23-40.
  • Funk, D.C. (2008) Consumer Behavior in Sport and Events: Marketing Action, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
  • Gençer, R.T. ve Aycan, A. (2008) “Seyircilerin Profesyonel Futbol Müsabakalarına Katılım Kararını Spectators” Sport Management Review, 7:167-192. Etkileyen Değişkenler Üzerine Bir İnceleme” Ege Akademik Bakış, 8(2):771-783.
  • Gençer, R.T., Kiremitci, O. ve Boyacıoğlu, H. (2010) “Spectator Motives and Points of Attachment: An Investigation on Professional Basketball” 11th International Sport Science Congress, November 10-12, Antalya, Turkey.
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P.M. (1999) “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Anaysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives” Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1):1-55.
  • James, J.D. ve Ridinger, L.L. (2002) “Female and Male Sport Fans: A Comparison of Sport Consumption Motives” Journal of Sport Behavior, 25:260-278.
  • James, J.D. ve Ross, S.D. (2004) “Comparing Sport Consumer Motivation Across Multiple Sport” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13, 17-25.
  • Kim, Y. K. & Trail, G. T. (2006) “Motivators and Constraints: Differences between Fans and Non-fans” Sport Marketing Association Conference, Denver, Scale for Sport Consumption: Assessment of the Scale’s Colorado. Psychometric Properties” Journal of Sport Behavior,
  • Marsh, H.W., Balla, J.R., ve McDonald, R.P. (1988) “Goodness-Of-Fit Indexes in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Effect of Sample Size” Psychological Bulletin, 103:391-410.
  • Matsuoka, H, Chelladurai, P. ve Harada, M. (2003) “Direct and Interaction Effects of Team Identification and Satisfaction on Intention to Attend Games” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4):244-253.
  • Mullin, B.J., Hardy, S. ve Sutton, W.A. (2000) Sport
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978) Psychometric Theory, 2nd Edition, New York , McGraw-Hill.
  • Nunnally, J.C. ve Bernstein, I.H. (1994) Psychometric Theory, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Pollard, R. ve Pollard, G. (2005) “Long Term Trends in Home Advantage in Professional Team Sports in North America and England (1876-2003)” Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4): 337-350.
  • Robinson, M.J. ve Trail, G.T. (2005) “Relationships Among Spectator Gender, Motives, Points of Attachment and Sport Preference” Journal of Sports Management, 19:58-80.
  • Robinson, M.J., Trail, G.T. ve Kwon, H. (2004) “Motives and Points of Attachment of Professional Golf
  • Robinson, M.J., Trail, G.T., Dick, R.J. ve Gillentine, A.J. (2005) “Fans vs. Spectators: An Analysis of Those Who Attend Intercollegiate Football Games” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 14:43-53.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. ve Müller, H. (2003) “Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness- Of-Fit Measures” Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8:23-74.
  • Simmons, R. (2006) “The Demand for Spectator Sports” Andreff, et al (eds.) Handbook on the Economics of Sport, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
  • Trail G.T. (2007) Manual for the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption (MSSC), Gainesville, FI
  • Trail, G.T., Anderson, D.F. ve Fink, J.S. (2000) “A Theoretical Model of Sport Spectator Consumption Behavior” International Journal of Sport Management, 1:154-180.
  • Trail, G.T. ve James, J.D. (2001) “The Motivation 24(1):108-127.
  • Trail, G.T., Robinson, M., Dick, R. ve Gillentine A.J. (2003) “Motives and Points of Attachment: Fans Versus Spectators in Intercollegiate Athletics” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12:217-227.
  • Trenberth, L. ve Garland, R. (2007) “Sport and Consumer Buying Behavior” Beech, et al (eds.) The Marketing of Sport, Prentice Hall, Harlow.
  • Tuckman, B.W. (1999) “Conducting Educational Research” 5th Edition, Orlando, Harcourt Brace.
  • Wann, D.L. ve Branscombe, N.R. (1993) “Sport Fans: Measuring Degree of Identification With Their Team” International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24:1-17.
  • Wann, D., Grieve, F., Zapalac, R. ve Pease, D. (2008) “Motivational Profiles of Sport Fans of Different Sports” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(1):6-19.
  • Zhang, J.J., Pease, D.G., Hui, S.C. ve Michaud, T.J. (1995) “Variables Affecting the Spectator Decision to Attend NBA Games” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 4(4): 29-39.
  • Zhang, J.J., Pease, D.G., Lam, E.T.C., Bellerive, L.M., Pham, U.L., Williamson, D.P., Lee, J.T. ve Wall, K.A. (2001) “Sociomotivational Factors Affecting Spectator Attendance at Minor League Hockey Games” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 10(1):43-54.

Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Spor Tüketimine Yönelik Güdüleri ve Bağlılık Noktaları Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2012, Volume: 12 Özel Sayı, 41 - 53, 01.11.2012

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, profesyonel futbol takımı seyircilerinin, spor tüketimine yönelik güdüleri ve bağlılık noktaları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Spor Tüketimine Yönelik Güdülenme Ölçeği ve Bağlılık Noktaları İndeksi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 311 futbol seyircisi katılmıştır (Göztepe SK= 198, Karşıyaka SK= 113). Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında her iki ölçüm aracının da profesyonel futbol takımı seyircileri üzerinde geçerlik ve güvenirliği sınanmıştır. Ölçeklere uygulanan DFA sonucunda, Spor Tüketimine Yönelik Güdülenme Ölçeği ve Bağlılık Noktaları İndeksi için elde edilen uyum indeksleri, çalışmada kullanılan ölçüm araçlarına ait orijinal modellerin veriye kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum gösterdiğini oraya koymaktadır. Genel örneklem dikkate alındığında, Spor Tüketimine Yönelik Güdülenme Ölçeği’nde, sosyal etkileşim, Bağlılık Noktaları’nda ise takım alt boyutları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ancak analizler takım bazında ayrı ayrı gerçekleştirildiğinde, farklı boyutların ön plana çıktığı dikkati çekmektedir. Bu bulgu, profesyonel futbol takımı seyircilerine yönelik pazarlama stratejilerinin, takım bazında detaylı analizler sonucu elde edilen bilgiler ışığında oluşturulması gerekliliğini ortaya koyması açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda kanonik korelasyon analizi her iki takım seyircileri için ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, Göztepe SK profesyonel futbol takımı seyircileri için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı beş; Karşıyaka SK profesyonel futbol takımı seyircileri için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iki fonksiyon belirlenmiştir

References

  • Chau, P.Y.K. (1997) “Reexamining a Model for Evaluating Information Success Using a Structural Marketing, 2nd Edition, Human Kinetics, Champaign. Equation Modeling Approach” Decision Sciences, 28(2):309-334.
  • Cunningham, G.B. ve Kwon, H. (2003) “The Theory of Planned Behavior and Intentions to Attend a Sport Event” Sport Management Review, 6:127-145.
  • Courneya, K.S. ve Carron, A.V. (1992) “The Home Advantage in Sport Competitions: A Literature Review” Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 14:13-27.
  • Fisher R.L. ve Wakefield, K. (1998) “Factors Leading to Group Identification: A Field Study of Winners and Losers” Psychology and Marketing, 15:23-40.
  • Funk, D.C. (2008) Consumer Behavior in Sport and Events: Marketing Action, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
  • Gençer, R.T. ve Aycan, A. (2008) “Seyircilerin Profesyonel Futbol Müsabakalarına Katılım Kararını Spectators” Sport Management Review, 7:167-192. Etkileyen Değişkenler Üzerine Bir İnceleme” Ege Akademik Bakış, 8(2):771-783.
  • Gençer, R.T., Kiremitci, O. ve Boyacıoğlu, H. (2010) “Spectator Motives and Points of Attachment: An Investigation on Professional Basketball” 11th International Sport Science Congress, November 10-12, Antalya, Turkey.
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P.M. (1999) “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Anaysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives” Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1):1-55.
  • James, J.D. ve Ridinger, L.L. (2002) “Female and Male Sport Fans: A Comparison of Sport Consumption Motives” Journal of Sport Behavior, 25:260-278.
  • James, J.D. ve Ross, S.D. (2004) “Comparing Sport Consumer Motivation Across Multiple Sport” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13, 17-25.
  • Kim, Y. K. & Trail, G. T. (2006) “Motivators and Constraints: Differences between Fans and Non-fans” Sport Marketing Association Conference, Denver, Scale for Sport Consumption: Assessment of the Scale’s Colorado. Psychometric Properties” Journal of Sport Behavior,
  • Marsh, H.W., Balla, J.R., ve McDonald, R.P. (1988) “Goodness-Of-Fit Indexes in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Effect of Sample Size” Psychological Bulletin, 103:391-410.
  • Matsuoka, H, Chelladurai, P. ve Harada, M. (2003) “Direct and Interaction Effects of Team Identification and Satisfaction on Intention to Attend Games” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4):244-253.
  • Mullin, B.J., Hardy, S. ve Sutton, W.A. (2000) Sport
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978) Psychometric Theory, 2nd Edition, New York , McGraw-Hill.
  • Nunnally, J.C. ve Bernstein, I.H. (1994) Psychometric Theory, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Pollard, R. ve Pollard, G. (2005) “Long Term Trends in Home Advantage in Professional Team Sports in North America and England (1876-2003)” Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4): 337-350.
  • Robinson, M.J. ve Trail, G.T. (2005) “Relationships Among Spectator Gender, Motives, Points of Attachment and Sport Preference” Journal of Sports Management, 19:58-80.
  • Robinson, M.J., Trail, G.T. ve Kwon, H. (2004) “Motives and Points of Attachment of Professional Golf
  • Robinson, M.J., Trail, G.T., Dick, R.J. ve Gillentine, A.J. (2005) “Fans vs. Spectators: An Analysis of Those Who Attend Intercollegiate Football Games” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 14:43-53.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. ve Müller, H. (2003) “Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness- Of-Fit Measures” Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8:23-74.
  • Simmons, R. (2006) “The Demand for Spectator Sports” Andreff, et al (eds.) Handbook on the Economics of Sport, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
  • Trail G.T. (2007) Manual for the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption (MSSC), Gainesville, FI
  • Trail, G.T., Anderson, D.F. ve Fink, J.S. (2000) “A Theoretical Model of Sport Spectator Consumption Behavior” International Journal of Sport Management, 1:154-180.
  • Trail, G.T. ve James, J.D. (2001) “The Motivation 24(1):108-127.
  • Trail, G.T., Robinson, M., Dick, R. ve Gillentine A.J. (2003) “Motives and Points of Attachment: Fans Versus Spectators in Intercollegiate Athletics” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12:217-227.
  • Trenberth, L. ve Garland, R. (2007) “Sport and Consumer Buying Behavior” Beech, et al (eds.) The Marketing of Sport, Prentice Hall, Harlow.
  • Tuckman, B.W. (1999) “Conducting Educational Research” 5th Edition, Orlando, Harcourt Brace.
  • Wann, D.L. ve Branscombe, N.R. (1993) “Sport Fans: Measuring Degree of Identification With Their Team” International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24:1-17.
  • Wann, D., Grieve, F., Zapalac, R. ve Pease, D. (2008) “Motivational Profiles of Sport Fans of Different Sports” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(1):6-19.
  • Zhang, J.J., Pease, D.G., Hui, S.C. ve Michaud, T.J. (1995) “Variables Affecting the Spectator Decision to Attend NBA Games” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 4(4): 29-39.
  • Zhang, J.J., Pease, D.G., Lam, E.T.C., Bellerive, L.M., Pham, U.L., Williamson, D.P., Lee, J.T. ve Wall, K.A. (2001) “Sociomotivational Factors Affecting Spectator Attendance at Minor League Hockey Games” Sport Marketing Quarterly, 10(1):43-54.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA95EY63JE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

R.timuçin Gençer This is me

Olcay Kiremitci This is me

Ali Aycan This is me

Erdinç Demiray This is me

Volkan Unutmaz This is me

Publication Date November 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 12 Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Gençer, R., Kiremitci, O., Aycan, A., Demiray, E., et al. (2012). The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators. Ege Academic Review, 12, 41-53.
AMA Gençer R, Kiremitci O, Aycan A, Demiray E, Unutmaz V. The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators. ear. November 2012;12:41-53.
Chicago Gençer, R.timuçin, Olcay Kiremitci, Ali Aycan, Erdinç Demiray, and Volkan Unutmaz. “The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators”. Ege Academic Review 12, November (November 2012): 41-53.
EndNote Gençer R, Kiremitci O, Aycan A, Demiray E, Unutmaz V (November 1, 2012) The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators. Ege Academic Review 12 41–53.
IEEE R. Gençer, O. Kiremitci, A. Aycan, E. Demiray, and V. Unutmaz, “The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators”, ear, vol. 12, pp. 41–53, 2012.
ISNAD Gençer, R.timuçin et al. “The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators”. Ege Academic Review 12 (November 2012), 41-53.
JAMA Gençer R, Kiremitci O, Aycan A, Demiray E, Unutmaz V. The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators. ear. 2012;12:41–53.
MLA Gençer, R.timuçin et al. “The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 12, 2012, pp. 41-53.
Vancouver Gençer R, Kiremitci O, Aycan A, Demiray E, Unutmaz V. The Relationship Between the Motives and Points of Attachment of the Professional Football Team Spectators. ear. 2012;12:41-53.