Conflict of Interest Disclosure
JEBYUHSI Copyright Agreement and Authorship Approval Form (For English Articles)
Journal Writing Template and Author Guidelines (For English Articles)
FOR ENGLISH ARTICLES:
English Language Requirements
Manuscripts submitted in English should be written in clear, concise, and grammatically correct academic English. The language quality should be sufficient to ensure that the scientific content is presented accurately and clearly. Authors whose first language is not English are encouraged to have their manuscripts reviewed by a qualified colleague or a professional English language editing service prior to submission; however, this is not a mandatory requirement. Language quality may be evaluated during the editorial pre-review and peer-review processes. Manuscripts with insufficient language quality may be returned to the authors for language revision before further consideration.
Reference Style
Authors are responsible for accurately citing all sources used in their manuscripts. Where required, permission must be obtained for the use of copyrighted materials. Personal communications (e.g., interviews, personal correspondence, telephone conversations, and e-mails) should not be included in the References list; they should be cited only within the text when necessary.
In-text citations and the References list must be prepared in accordance with the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 7th Edition.
If figures, tables, or other copyrighted materials are reproduced or adapted from another source, the original source must be appropriately acknowledged in accordance with APA 7 guidelines, and any necessary permissions must be obtained by the authors.
1. References Writing Guidelines
• References should be arranged alphabetically according to the surname of the first author.
Example:
Brown, A. (2021). ...
Hughes, M. (2020). ...
Smith, J. (2019). ...
• Authors' names should be written with the surname first, followed by the initials of the given name(s).
Example:
Smith, J. A.
Brown, P. R.
• For works with two or more authors, an ampersand (&) should be used before the final author's name.
Example:
Smith, J. A., Brown, P. R., & Hughes, M. T. (2023).
• The first line of each reference should be left-aligned, and subsequent lines should have a 1.25 cm hanging indent.
• Journal titles and volume numbers should be written in italics.
Example:
Smith, J. A. (2022). Analytical validation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 15(2), 110–118.
• Article titles, book chapter titles, and thesis titles should not be italicized.
Example:
Smith, J. A. (2017). Analytical validation strategies. In R. Brown (Ed.), Modern pharmaceutical analysis (pp. 85–112). Springer.
• Whenever available, the DOI must be presented in the https://doi.org/ format.
Correct:
https://doi.org/10.1000/xyz123
Incorrect:
doi:10.1000/xyz123
• If no DOI is available, a stable URL should be provided whenever applicable.
• Multiple references supporting the same statement should be separated by semicolons (;).
Example:
(Yiğit et al., 2008; Yiğit et al., 2009)
• References beginning with the same author(s) should be arranged chronologically.
Example:
(Yiğit et al., 2008; Yiğit et al., 2009)
• References beginning with different authors should be arranged alphabetically.
Example:
(Greeven et al., 2007; Ross, 2006)
• Multiple works by the same author(s) published in the same year should be distinguished using lowercase letters.
Example:
(Yiğit et al., 2008a)
(Yiğit et al., 2008b)
• Every source cited in the text must appear in the References list, and every reference listed in the References section must be cited at least once in the text.
• According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 7th Edition, all authors' names should be listed for works with up to 20 authors.
• For works with 21 or more authors, list the first 19 authors, followed by an ellipsis (…) and then include the final author's name. The expression "et al." should not be used in the References list.
Example:
Hughes, M., Brown, K., Johnson, A., Wilson, T., Clark, P., Lewis, R., Walker, J., Hall, S., Allen, D., Young, C., King, M., Scott, L., Green, B., Adams, P., Baker, N., Turner, G., Hill, R., Carter, E., Evans, J., … Thompson, W. (2021). Example article title. Journal of Health Sciences, 15(2), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx
• For in-text citations, works with three or more authors should be cited using the surname of the first author followed by "et al." from the first citation onward.
Example:
(Hughes et al., 2021)
• Each reference should appear only once in the References list.
• Every reference should include complete bibliographic information, including author(s), publication year, title, source, volume, issue, page range, and DOI or URL where applicable.
• Academic titles (Prof., Assoc. Prof., PhD, etc.) should not be included in the References list.
• Journal titles, book titles, and similar publication titles should be written in full without abbreviations and in italics.
• The References section should be prepared using 12-point font, 1.15 line spacing, and a 1.25 cm hanging indent.
2. In-Text Citations
In-text citations should be prepared in accordance with the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 7th Edition.
2.1. Single-Author Works
• For works with one author, include the author's surname and publication year.
Parenthetical citation:
(Smith, 2018)
Narrative citation:
Smith (2018) reported that ...
2.2. Two-Author Works
• For works with two authors, cite both authors every time the work is referenced.
Parenthetical citation:
(Smith & Brown, 2019)
Narrative citation:
Smith and Brown (2019) reported that ...
2.3. Works with Three or More Authors
• For works with three or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by "et al." from the first citation onward.
Parenthetical citation:
(Smith et al., 2020)
Narrative citation:
Smith et al. (2020) reported that ...
2.4. Multiple References Within the Same Citation
• When citing multiple references within the same parentheses, list them alphabetically and separate them with semicolons (;).
Example:
(Brown, 2018; Hughes et al., 2020; Smith, 2019)
2.5. Multiple Works by the Same Author Published in the Same Year
• Multiple works by the same author(s) published in the same year should be distinguished using lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
Example:
(Yiğit et al., 2024a)
(Yiğit et al., 2024b)
2.6. Corporate Authors
• For corporate authors, use the full institutional name in the first citation and the abbreviation, if applicable, in subsequent citations.
First citation:
(International Council for Harmonisation [ICH], 2023)
Subsequent citations:
(ICH, 2023)
• If no widely recognized abbreviation exists, use the full institutional name in every citation.
Example:
(World Health Organization, 2023)
2.7. Direct Quotations
• Direct quotations must include the page number.
Example:
(Smith, 2021, p. 45)
or
Smith (2021, p. 45) stated that "..."
2.8. Secondary Citations
• Authors are encouraged to consult the original source whenever possible. If the original source is unavailable, a secondary citation may be used.
Example:
(Smith, 1995, as cited in Brown, 2021)
Only the source actually consulted should be included in the References list.
2.9. Personal Communications
• Personal communications (e.g., interviews, emails, telephone conversations) should not be included in the References list.
Example:
(A. Yılmaz, personal communication, May 12, 2025)
3. Writing References According to Reference Types
3.1. Journal Article
Format:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Example:
Musi, N., Hirshman, M. F., Nygren, J., Svanfeldt, M., Bavenholm, P., Rooyackers, O., Zierath, J. R., ... (2002). Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 51(7), 2074–2081. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2074
3.2. Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Book title (Edition). Publisher.
Example:
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2019). Principles of instrumental analysis (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
3.3. Book Chapter
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Chapter title. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Book title (pp. xx–xx). Publisher.
Example:
Smith, J. A. (2017). Analytical validation strategies. In R. Brown (Ed.), Modern pharmaceutical analysis (pp. 85–112). Springer.
3.4. Edited Book
Format:
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Example:
Brown, R. (Ed.). (2017). Modern pharmaceutical analysis. Springer.
3.5. Translated Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Book title (A. A. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)
Example:
Klug, W. S., & Cummings, M. R. (2003). Genetic concepts (C. Öner, Trans.). Palme Publishing. (Original work published 2000)
3.6. Doctoral or Master's Thesis
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the thesis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation / master's thesis). University Name.
Example:
Aktaş, M. (1996). Investigation of the effects of dietary margarine on erythrocyte membrane phospholipid composition (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Karadeniz Technical University.
3.7. Conference Paper
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Paper title. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Conference proceedings (pp. xx–xx). Publisher.
Example:
Yılmaz, N., Elmastaş, M., & Aktaş, M. (2001). Effects of a butter- and olive oil-rich diet on erythrocyte membrane cholesterol. In S. Küsefoğlu (Ed.), Proceedings of the 15th National Chemistry Congress (p. PK-P15). Boğaziçi University.
3.8. Guidelines / Guidance Documents
Format:
Organization. (Year). Title of the document. URL
Example (ICH):
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. (2023). Validation of analytical procedures Q2(R2). https://www.ich.org
Example (FDA):
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Bioanalytical method validation: Guidance for industry. https://www.fda.gov
3.9. Pharmacopoeia
Format:
Organization. (Year). Title of the work. Publisher.
Example:
British Pharmacopoeia Commission. (2025). British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Commission.
3.10. Web Page
Format:
Author/Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL
Example:
World Health Organization. (2023, November 20). Drinking-water. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water
4. Important Notes
• Whenever available, DOIs must be presented in the https://doi.org/ format.
Correct:
https://doi.org/10.1000/xyz123
Incorrect:
doi:10.1000/xyz123
• Retrieval dates should be included only for online sources whose content is designed to change over time (e.g., webpages). Retrieval dates are not required for stable online publications.
Example:
World Health Organization. (2023). Drinking-water. Retrieved July 30, 2024, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water
• Multiple works by the same author published in the same year should be distinguished using lowercase letters (a, b, c).
Example:
Smith, J. A. (2022a). ...
Smith, J. A. (2022b). ...
• If no DOI is available, a stable URL should be provided whenever possible.
• Only sources cited in the manuscript should be included in the References list.
• Every source included in the References list must be cited at least once in the text.
• Authors are responsible for ensuring that all URLs included in the References list are accurate and accessible.
• Journal titles, book titles, and similar publication titles should be written in full without abbreviations.
Correct:
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
Incorrect:
J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.
• Journal titles and volume numbers should be italicized.
Example:
Smith, J. A. (2022). Example article title. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 15(2), 100–110.
• Article titles, book chapter titles, thesis titles, and webpage titles should not be italicized.
• Academic titles (Prof., Assoc. Prof., Dr., PhD, etc.) should not be included in the References list.
Correct:
Smith, J. A.
Incorrect:
Prof. John A. Smith
• ORCID iDs, ResearcherID, Scopus Author ID, Publons ID, PMID, PMCID, and similar identifiers should not be included in the References list.
• All references should be prepared in accordance with the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 7th Edition.
5. APA 7 Reference Examples
5.1. Journal Article
Format:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Example:
Mather, C., & McCarthy, R. (2021). Exploring the effects of a high-fidelity environment on nursing students' confidence and performance of CPR. Nursing Standard, 36(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2021.e11756
5.2. Journal Article Without DOI
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), page range.
Example:
Ross, B. M. (2006). Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in major depressive disorder. Medical Hypotheses, 68(3), 515–524.
5.3. Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Book title (Edition). Publisher.
Example:
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2019). Principles of instrumental analysis (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
5.4. Chapter in an Edited Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Chapter title. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Book title (pp. xx–xx). Publisher.
Example:
Schrader, C. (2023). Serious games and game-based learning. In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education (pp. 1255–1268). Springer Nature.
5.5. Edited Book
Format:
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Example:
Brown, R. (Ed.). (2017). Modern Pharmaceutical Analysis. Springer.
5.6. Translated Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Book title (A. A. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)
Example:
Klug, W. S., & Cummings, M. R. (2003). Genetic Concepts (C. Öner, Trans.). Palme Publishing. (Original work published 2000)
5.7. Doctoral Dissertation
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the dissertation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University Name.
Example:
Aktaş, M. (1996). Investigation of the effects of dietary margarine on erythrocyte membrane phospholipid composition (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Karadeniz Technical University.
5.8. Master's Thesis
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the thesis (Unpublished master's thesis). University Name.
Example:
Yılmaz, A. (2022). Evaluation of clinical decision-making skills among nursing students (Unpublished master's thesis). Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University.
5.9. Conference Paper
Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the paper. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Conference proceedings (pp. xx–xx). Publisher.
Example:
Yılmaz, N., Elmastaş, M., & Aktaş, M. (2001). Effects of a butter- and olive oil-rich diet on erythrocyte membrane cholesterol. In S. Küsefoğlu (Ed.), Proceedings of the 15th National Chemistry Congress (p. PK-P15). Boğaziçi University.
5.10. Institutional Report
Format:
Organization Name. (Year). Title of the report. URL
Example:
World Health Organization. (2023). World Health Statistics 2023. https://www.who.int
5.11. Guideline / Guidance Document
Format:
Organization Name. (Year). Title of the document. URL
Example (ICH):
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. (2023). ICH Q2(R2): Validation of Analytical Procedures. https://www.ich.org
Example (FDA):
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Bioanalytical Method Validation: Guidance for Industry. https://www.fda.gov
5.12. Pharmacopoeia
Format:
Organization Name. (Year). Title of the work. Publisher.
Example:
British Pharmacopoeia Commission. (2025). British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Commission.
5.13. Web Page
Format:
Author/Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL
Example:
World Health Organization. (2023, November 20). Drinking-water. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water
5.14. Dataset
Format:
Author/Organization. (Year). Title of the dataset [Data set]. Repository or Database. URL
Example:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2024). Health Statistics [Data set]. OECD Data. https://data.oecd.org
5.15. Software
Format:
Developer. (Year). Software name (Version) [Computer software]. URL
Example:
IBM Corp. (2023). IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 29) [Computer software]. https://www.ibm.com/spss
5.16. Artificial Intelligence Tool
Format:
Developer. (Year). Name of the AI tool (Version) [Large language model]. URL
Example:
OpenAI. (2025). ChatGPT (GPT-5.5) [Large language model]. https://chatgpt.com
5.17. Preprint
Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the manuscript [Preprint]. Preprint Server. URL
Example:
Smith, J. A., & Brown, P. R. (2024). Artificial intelligence in clinical decision support [Preprint]. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx
5.18. Government Publication
Format:
Government Agency. (Year, Month Day). Title of the document (Publication No., if applicable). URL
Example:
Republic of Türkiye Official Gazette. (2024, January 15). Regulation on Medicinal Products for Human Use (No. 32430). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr