Author Guidelines

FOR ENGLISH ARTICLES:

English Language Requirements

Articles submitted to our journal in English are expected to be written in clear, understandable, and academic English. Grammatical, spelling, and stylistic errors should not overshadow the scientific content of the work. Authors whose native language is not English are advised to have their articles reviewed by a qualified person in the field or a professional language proofreading/editing service before submission; however, this is not mandatory. Language proficiency may be considered during the peer review and editorial pre-review stages. Studies found to be linguistically deficient may be returned to the authors for revision, regardless of their scientific content.

Reference Style
The researcher must indicate which sources were used in their work. Permission must also be obtained to cite patented sources. Oral interviews should not be included in the references section. If such information is necessary, it should be mentioned in the text and given as a footnote. The "American Psychological Association (APA) 6 Style" system, accepted by international biomedical journals, should be used for writing in-text references and the reference page. If figures or tables are taken from a source, the source should be cited in the text where relevant, without mentioning it in the figure caption or table title.

1. References Writing Guidelines
• The references are arranged alphabetically. • Author names are written with the last name first, followed by the initials of the first name. • “&” (ampersand) is used before the last author. • Lines in the reference list are formatted using hanging indents. • Journal names and volume numbers are written in italics. • Article and book chapter titles are not written in italics.
    o Smith, J. A. (2017). Analytical validation strategies. In R. Brown (Ed.), Modern pharmaceutical analysis (pp. 85–112). New York, NY: Springer.
• If available, the DOI number must be included.
• If more than one reference is cited within the text regarding the same proposition, the references should be separated by a semicolon (;).
    o References beginning with the same author(s) are listed in chronological order. (Yiğit et al., 2008; Yiğit et al., 2009)
    o References beginning with different author(s) are listed alphabetically. (Greeven et al., 2007; Ross, 2006)
• If more than one work by the same author or group of authors published in the same year is cited within the text, the references should be distinguished with the letters “a, b, c…”.
    o (Yiğit et al., 2008a; Yiğit et al., 2008b)
• All references cited within the text must be included in the References section; all references in the references section must be cited at least once within the text.
• According to APA 6 writing rules, in studies with seven or more authors, the names of the first six authors are written in the bibliography section; three dots (…) are used after the sixth author, and the name of the last author is added. The expression “et al.” is not used in the bibliography.
    o Musi, N., Hirshman, M. F., Nygren, J., Svanfeldt, M., Bavenholm, P., Rooyackers, O., … & Zierath, J. R. (2002). Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects     with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 51(7), 2074–2081. doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2074
    o In in-text citations, citations to studies with three or more authors are shown with the last name of the first author and the abbreviation “et al.” from the first use. (Musi et al., 2002)
• The same reference should be listed only once in the References list.
• For each reference, the author(s), title, reference type (article, book, book chapter, etc.), page information, and publication year must be fully specified.
• Authors' academic titles (PhD., Prof., etc.) should not be included in the text or in the References section.
• Journal, book, and similar publication titles should be written in full, without abbreviations, and in italics.
• The References page should be arranged alphabetically by author's last name.
• The first line of a reference in the References list should be left-aligned, and subsequent lines should have a 1.25 cm hanging indentation.
• The References section should be formatted in 12-point font, with 6 nk spacing between paragraphs and 1.15 line spacing.

2. In-Text Citations
2.1. Single-authored reference
• In parentheses:
(Smith, 2018)
• Within the narrative:
In his study Smith (2018) ...

2.2. Two-authored reference
• In parentheses:
(Smith & Brown, 2019)
• Within the narrative:
In their study, Smith and Brown (2019) ...

2.3. Reference with three or more authors
• First and all subsequent uses:
(Smith et al., 2020)
In English articles, "et al." is used both within the narrative and in parentheses.

3. Corporate author reference
3.1. Institutions without abbreviations
• In-text:
(British Pharmacopoeia Commission, 1864)

3.2. Abbreviated organizations (ICH, FDA, etc.)
• First use:
(International Council for Harmonisation [ICH], 2005)
• Subsequent uses:
(ICH, 2005)

4. Writing Bibliographies According to Reference Types
4.1. Journal Article
Format:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. DOI
Sample:
Musi, N., Hirshman, M. F., Nygren, J., Svanfeldt, M., Bavenholm, P., Rooyackers, O., … & Zierath, J. R. (2002). Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 51(7), 2074–2081. doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2074

4.2. Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Book name (Edition number). Publication place: Publisher.
Sample:
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2019). Principles of instrumental analysis (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

4.3. Book Chapter
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Chapter name. In E. E. Editör (Ed.), Book name (pp. xx–xx). Publication place: Publisher.
Sample:
Smith, J. A. (2017). Analytical validation strategies. In R. Brown (Ed.), Modern pharmaceutical analysis (pp. 85–112). New York, NY: Springer.

4.4. Guidelines / Guidance Documents (ICH, FDA, etc.)
Format:
Institution name. (Year). Document title. Retrieved from URL
Sample: (ICH):
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. (2005). Validation of analytical procedures: Text and methodology Q2(R1). Retrieved from https://www.ich.org/page/quality-guidelines
Sample (FDA):
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Bioanalytical method validation: Guidance for industry. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/bioanalytical-method-validation-guidance-industry

4.5. Pharmacopoeia
Format:
Institution name. (Year). Title of work. Place of publication: Publisher.
Sample:
British Pharmacopoeia Commission. (1864). The British Pharmacopoeia. London: Spottiswoode & Co.

5. Important Notes
• If a DOI exists, the full URL format is preferred instead of “DOI:”.
• The access date is only used for references whose content may change.
• If the same author has more than one publication in the same year, a distinction is made as 2019a, 2019b, etc.

Example of reference writing:
Aktaş, M. (1996). Diyetle alınan margarinin eritrosit membranı fosfolipit bileşimi üzerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi (Doktora tezi). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon.
Greeven, A., van Balkom, A. J., Visser, S., Merkelbach, J. W., van Rood, Y. R., & van Dyck, R. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy and paroxetine in the treatment of hypochondriasis: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 91–99.
Institute of Medicine (US). (1992). Looking at the Future of the Medicaid Program. Washington: The Institute.
Kejanlıoğlu, B. (2005). Medya Çalışmalarında Kamusal Alan Kavramı. Meral Özbek (Ed.), Kamusal Alan İçinde (s. 689-713). İstanbul: Hil.
Klug, W. S., & Cummings, M. R. (2003). Genetik Kavramlar (C. Öner, Çev.). Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık.
Lehninger, A. L. (1982). Principles of Biochemistry. New York: Worth Publishers.
Ross, B. M. (2006). w – 3 Fatty Acid Deficiency in Major Depressive Disorder is Caused by The Interaction Between Diet and a Genetically Determined Abnormality in Phospholipid Metabolism. Medical Hypotheses, 68(3), 515–524.
World Health Organization. (2023). Drinking-water. Retrieved July 30, 2024, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water
Yılmaz, N., Elmastaş, M. ve Aktaş, M. (2001). Tereyağı ve Zeytinyağınca Zengin Diyetin Eritrosit Membran Kolesterolü Üzerine Etkisi. S, Küsefoğlu (Ed.). XV. Ulusal Kimya Kongresi: 4–7 Eylül 2001—İstanbul: Kimya 2001 Bildiri Özetleri (s. PK-P15). İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.

Last Update Time: 1/3/26