Biomimetic Design of a Climate-Responsive Building Envelope Cell Performing Under Both Hot and Cold Weather Conditions

Abstract

Biological organisms in nature vary in their thermal adaptation strategies according to the cold or hot climatic conditions they live in. In this study, a building envelope design, which provides a two-way function of both gaining the heat needed in cold climate conditions and preventing the heat gain in hot climate conditions was studied. The morphological features and adaptation behaviors of organisms living in extreme temperature conditions in nature to keep their body and nest temperatures in the optimum range were examined with biomimetic design methodology approach. When the adaptation skills of biological organisms in the transition to different seasons were taken as reference, it was seen that dynamism is necessary to apply a similar adaptation to structures for the effective use of energy. The dynamism of design proposals of the kinetic building envelope is obtained by combining morphological structures with smart materials. Contrary to existing one-way adapting building envelope designs which are costly, composed of mechanical components, and bring difficulties to be implemented on buildings, a comprehensive and technology-free approach was brought. Three ideas designed with a synthesizing approach that can adapt to both conditions were proposed. In order to compare the thermal comfort performance among the designs, solar thermal analysis was carried out using computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) analysis. In the end of the analysis, it was seen that the building envelope cells can increase heat gain in winter up to 5.9°C in the interior wall, while the thermal temperature load can be reduced up to 1.1°C in summer.

Keywords

• Thermal comfort
• building envelope
• biomimetic design
• smart material
• two-way thermoregulation

Hem Sıcak Hem de Soğuk Hava Koşullarında Performans Gösteren İklime Duyarlı Bir Bina Kabuğu Hücresinin Biyomimetik Tasarımı

Abstract

Doğadaki biyolojik organizmalar, yaşadıkları soğuk veya sıcak iklim koşullarına göre ısıl adaptasyon stratejilerinde çeşitlilik gösterirler. Bu çalışmada, hem soğuk iklim koşullarında ihtiyaç duyulan ısının kazanılması hem de sıcak iklim koşullarında ısı kazanımının engellenmesi gibi iki yönlü bir işlev sağlayan bir bina kabuğu tasarımı üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Doğada ekstrem sıcaklık koşullarında yaşayan organizmaların vücut ve yuva sıcaklıklarını optimum aralıkta tutmak için gösterdikleri morfolojik özellikler ve adaptasyon davranışları biyomimetik tasarım metodolojisi yaklaşımı ile incelenmiştir. Biyolojik organizmaların farklı mevsimlere geçişteki adaptasyon becerileri referans alındığında, enerjinin etkin kullanımı için benzer bir adaptasyonun yapılara uygulanabilmesi için dinamizmin gerekli olduğu görüldü. Kinetik bina kabuğunun tasarım önerilerinin dinamizmi, morfolojik yapıların akıllı malzemelerle birleştirilmesiyle elde ediliyor. Maliyetli, mekanik bileşenlerden oluşan ve binalara uygulanması zorluklar getiren mevcut tek yönlü uyarlanabilir bina kabuğu tasarımlarının aksine, kapsamlı ve teknolojiden bağımsız bir yaklaşım getirilmiştir. Her iki koşula da uyum sağlayabilecek sentezleyici bir yaklaşımla tasarlanmış üç fikir önerilmiştir. Tasarımlar arasında termal konfor performansını karşılaştırmak için hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (CFD) analizi kullanılarak güneş ısıl analizi yapıldı. Analiz sonucunda, bina kabuğu hücrelerinin iç duvarda kışın ısı kazancını 5,9°C'ye kadar artırabildiği, yazın ise termal sıcaklık yükünü 1,1°C'ye kadar azaltabildiği görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Termal konfor
• bina kabuğu
• biyomimetik tasarım
• akıllı malzeme
• iki yönlü termoregülasyon

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