GNSS Tabanlı Durak Konumlandırma ve Web Harita Entegrasyonlu Gerçek Zamanlı Otobüs İzleme Sisteminin Tasarımı

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Karaman il merkezindeki toplu taşıma duraklarına ait konumsal doğruluğu artırmak ve mevcut ulaşım bilgi altyapısını dijital olarak güçlendirmek amacıyla GNSS tabanlı ölçümler ile web harita teknolojilerinin entegre edildiği bütüncül bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Kent içi toplu taşımada artan hareketlilik, kullanıcıların gerçek zamanlı bilgi talebinin yükselmesi ve mevcut envanterin zamanla eskimesi, durak konumlarının yeniden ölçülmesini ve dijital bir platformda erişilebilir hâle getirilmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın ilk aşamasında, kent genelindeki tüm duraklar RTK destekli GNSS alıcısı ile sahada ölçülmüş, santimetre hassasiyetinde konum bilgileri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen koordinatlar belediyeden temin edilen hat–durak veri setiyle karşılaştırılmış, hatalı noktalar düzeltilmiş; eksik, yinelenen veya konumu belirsiz kayıtlar ayıklanarak güncel ve güvenilir bir durak veri tabanı oluşturulmuştur. İkinci aşamada ise otobüslerde yer alan GPS cihazlarından alınan JSON formatlı anlık konum verileri işlenmiş ve OpenStreetMap tabanlı web harita arayüzüne Leaflet.js kullanılarak entegre edilmiştir. Arayüz, durak arama, hat filtreleme, güzergâh görüntüleme ve dinamik popup bilgilendirme özellikleri ile kullanıcıya etkileşimli bir deneyim sunmaktadır. Sonuçlar, mekânsal doğruluğun belirgin düzeyde iyileştiğini ve sistemin ölçeklenebilir yapısıyla kentsel ulaşım yönetimine güçlü katkılar sunduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri
• Coğrafi Veri Entegrasyonu
• GNSS
• Toplu Taşıma
• Web Tabanlı Haritalama

Design of a GNSS-Based Bus Stop Positioning and Real-Time Bus Tracking System with Web Map Integration

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive approach that integrates GNSS-based measurements with web mapping technologies to enhance the spatial accuracy of public transport stops in the city centre of Karaman and digitally strengthen the existing transport information infrastructure. Increased mobility in urban public transport, rising user demand for real-time information, and the obsolescence of the existing inventory over time have necessitated the re-measurement of stop locations and their accessibility on a digital platform. In line with this, in the first phase of the research, all stops across the city were measured in the field using an RTK-supported GNSS receiver, obtaining position information with centimeter accuracy. The coordinates obtained were compared with the route-stop data set obtained from the municipality, incorrect points were corrected, and missing, duplicate, or location-uncertain records were filtered out to create an up-to-date and reliable stop database. In the second phase, real-time location data in JSON format obtained from GPS devices on buses was processed and integrated into an OpenStreetMap-based web map interface using Leaflet.js. The interface offers users an interactive experience with features such as stop search, route filtering, route viewing, and dynamic pop-up information. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in spatial accuracy and show that the system's scalable structure makes a strong contribution to urban transport management.

Keywords

• Geospatial Data Integration
• GNSS
• Intelligent Transport Systems
• Public Transport
• Web-Based Mapping

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