Procrastination: Types, Components, Demographic Effects, and Cultural Differences

Abstract

Procrastination refers to put off intended tasks to another time (Lay, 1986). The purpose of procrastination is to make one’s life more pleasant, but it nearly always add stress, disorganization and failure. The idea underlying procrastination may be ‘later is better’. However, when tomorrow comes, the pattern resurfaces and the person excuses him/herself by promising that ‘I will do it tomorrow’. Hence, procrastination can be called as ‘tomorrow syndrome’. Research results have shown that procrastination should be overcome since engaging in procrastination lead to negative outcome along with negative affect on the individuals’ psychological wellbeing. National literature follows international results. In this respect, in the present review, definitions of procrastination, types and components of procrastination are presented along with the treatment programs. The national literature on procrastination and prevalence of procrastination among students and adults in terms of cross-cultural results will also be discussed

Keywords

• Procrastination
• types of procrastination
• components
• treatment programs

Erteleme: Türleri, Bileşenleri, Demografik Etkenler ve Kültürel Farklılıklar

Abstract

Yapılması planlanan iş ve görevlerin ileriki bir zamana bırakılıp ötelenmesi erteleme olarak adlandırılır (Lay, 1986). Erteleme sonucunda kişi iş ve görevlerin ileriki bir zamana bıraktığı için geçici bir süre rahatlamış olsa da, bu eğilimin davranışa dönüşmesi çoğu zaman stres artışı, organizasyon bozukluğuna ve başarısızlık ile sonuçlanır. Ertelemenin altında yatan ‘daha sonra daha iyi’ düşüncesi olsa da ertesi gün geldiğinde örüntü yinelenir ve kişi kendisine ‘bunu yarın yapacağım’ sözü verir. Bu nedenle erteleme ‘yarın sendromu’ olarakta adlandırılabilir. Araştırma bulguları, ertelemenin olumsuz sonuçlara neden olduğunu ve bu durumun kişinin psikolojik iyilik halini etkileyebildiğini ortaya koyduğundan, ertelemenin önlenmesinin  gerekli olduğuna dikkat çekmektedir. Ülkemizde de ertelemeyi ele alan  çalışmalar dünya alan yazınını takip eder durumdadır. Bu doğrultuda, bu derleme çalışmasında, ertelemenin tanımları, türleri ve bileşenlerine yer verilirken; erteleme ile başa çıkmak amacıyla oluşturulmuş bazı programlar sunulacak ve ardından ertelemeye ilişkin ulusal alan yazını ve öğrenci-yetişkin profili karşılaştırmalı bir çalışmanın katkılarıyla tartışılmıştır. 

Keywords

• Erteleme
• erteleme türleri
• bileşenleri
• başa çıkma programları

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